scholarly journals Gastrointestinal tract and skin permeability of chemicals in consumer products using parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. e2021021
Author(s):  
Juyoung Park ◽  
Handule Lee ◽  
Kwangsik Park
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Log P ◽  
Lipid Solubility ◽  
Artificial Membrane ◽  
Chemical Structures

Some chemicals commonly used in personal care products, household items, food vessels, cosmetics, and other consumer products are potentially harmful, and several reviews of epidemiological studies have suggested the associations between the chemical exposure from consumer products, and respiratory diseases, skin sensitization, and reproductive problems. Therefore, risk assessment is essential for management of consumer products safety. Necessarily, the estimation of human exposure is an essential step in risk assessment, and the absorption rate of those chemicals via the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and skin are very critical in determining the internal dose of the exposed chemicals. In this study, parallel artificial membrane permeability assays (PAMPA) for the gastrointestinal tract and skin were performed to evaluate the permeability of parabens (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, methyl-, propyl-, and butyl paraben), bisphenols (bisphenol A, bisphenol F, and bisphenol S), isothiazolinones (methyl-, chloromethyl-, benz-, octyl-, and dichlorooctyl isothiazolinone), and phthalates [diethyl-, dibutyl-, Di-isononyl-, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate]. Lipid solubility of test chemicals indicated by log P values was shown as the most critical factor and showed a positive association with the permeability of parabens, bisphenols, and isothiazolinones in PAMPA assay. However, phthalate showed a reverse-association between lipophilicity and permeability. The permeability of all the tested chemicals was higher in the gastrointestinal tract membrane than in the skin membrane. The pH in donor solution did not show significant effects on the permeability in all the chemicals, except the chemicals with a free hydrophilic moiety in their chemical structures.

scholarly journals Paraben Transport and Metabolism in the Biomimetic Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (BAMPA) and 3-Day and 21-Day Caco-2 Cell Systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Lakeram ◽  
David J. Lockley ◽  
David J. Sanders ◽  
Ruth Pendlington ◽  
Ben Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Log P ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Artificial Membrane ◽  
Parabolic Relationship ◽  
Permeability Assay

Noncellular and cellular in vitro models for predicting intestinal absorption were used to investigate the transport and metabolism of parabens. The biomimetic artificial membrane permeability assay (BAMPA) membrane was constructed by impregnating a lipid solution on a hydrophobic filter. Caco-2 cells at passage numbers 65 to 80 were cultured in either the accelerated 3-day Biocoat™ system or the standard 21-day Transwell™ cell culture system. Paraben transport across the BAMPA system showed a parabolic relationship. The lowest log P (p-hydroxybenzoic acid) and highest log P compounds (heptyl and octyl parabens) had apparent permeabilities (Papp) less than 1.0 × 10-6 cm/s and Papp was maximal at approximately 8.5 × 10-6cm/s for the intermediate log P (ethylparaben) compound. With the Biocoat™, a similar parabolic relationship was found. In the 21-day Caco-2 cells, the parabens were metabolized by esterases at to p-hydroxybenzoic acid. In conclusion, the in vitro models added complementary insight into the absorption process, such as the transport route, intrinsic permeability, and extent of metabolism of the parabens. This study indicated that presystemic metabolism of orally ingested parabens to the p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the intestine may limit systemic exposure to alkyl-paraben esters in vivo.

scholarly journals Ubiquity, Hazardous Effects, and Risk Assessment of Fragrances in Consumer Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41
Author(s):  
María-Antonia Pastor-Nieto ◽  
María-Elena Gatica-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Consumer Products

Developmental immunotoxicology and risk assessment: a workshop summary

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
M P Holsapple
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Standard Practices ◽  
Developmental Immunotoxicity

A workshop entitled ‘Developmental Immunotoxicology and Risk Assessment’ was held on 12–13 June 2001, in Washington, DC. The workshop was organized jointly by the Immunotoxicology Technical Committee (ITC) of the International Life Sciences Institute's (ILSI) Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) with input from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Growing public concern that early exposure of the developing immune system to immunotoxic compounds may cause significant or persistent postnatal immunosuppression prompted the workshop. The main goal of the workshop was to examine scientific questions that underlie developmental immunotoxicity tests and the interpretation of the results as they relate to human risk assessment. A second goal was to provide a framework, based on current scientific knowledge, for the development of meaningful testing guidelines. The workshop focused on a series of questions that included how to address critical windows of exposure, how to develop and apply more predictive endpoints, does early chemical exposure cause transient or permanent effects on the immune system, as well as other related questions. On the first day, experts were invited to give scientific presentations relating to comparative developmental immunology, models of immunosuppression, and the regulatory aspects of developmental immunotoxicology. The second day was devoted to a panel discussion that included all the speakers as well as meeting participants, which attempted to answer each of the specific questions raised at the workshop. In general, it was acknowledged that there are a variety of techniques available for assessing immunosuppression in adult animal models, but there is uncertainty about how to apply these to a developing animal, especially if the goal is to have some standard procedure that can be applied for regulatory risk assessment. It was pointed out that although we know a lot about the developing immune system of individual species, we do not know how to relate the significance of drug or chemical effects on these systems in terms of human hazard. Overall, the panel deemed the area of developmental immunotoxicity to be still in its infancy and outlined strategies that could lead to the development of standard practices.

scholarly journals Prediction of Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay of Some Drugs from their Theoretically Calculated Molecular Descriptors

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1074-1085
Author(s):  
E. Konoz ◽  
Amir H. M. Sarrafi ◽  
S. Ardalani
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Artificial Membrane ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Quantitative Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Variable Subset Selection ◽  
Mlr Model

Parallel artificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) have been extensively utilized to determine the drug permeation potentials. In the present work, the permeation of miscellaneous drugs measured as flux by PAMPA (logF) of 94 drugs, are predicted by quantitative structure property relationships modeling based on a variety of calculated theoretical descriptors, which screened and selected by genetic algorithm (GA) variable subset selection procedure. These descriptors were used as inputs for generated artificial neural networks. After generation, optimization and training of artificial neural network (5:3:1), it was used for the prediction of logF for the training, test and validation sets. The standard error for the GA-ANN calculated logF for training, test and validation sets are 0.17, 0.028 and 0.15 respectively, which are smaller than those obtained by GA-MLR model (0.26, 0.051 and 0.22, respectively). Results obtained reveal the reliability and good predictably of neural network model in the prediction of membrane permeability of drugs.

scholarly journals RISK ASSESSMENT PERUSAHAAN EXPORT SEPATU PADA BAGIAN LINE UPPER PT. X

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Novita Dewi Vebriyana Dankis ◽  
Mulyono Mulyono
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Control ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Residual Risk ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
On Line ◽  
Punch Hole

ABSTRACTRevolution in the industry sector has been rapidly grown to fill up all the needs of the consumer products. One involves  supporting advanced machinery such as “Cutting, Skiving, Stitching, Emboss Logo, Roving, Punch Hole, Juki, BrushingEdge, Hammer Over Lapping and Two Molding”. In the factory production process, there are various types of high-risk activities, especially on line upper. The main of this research is to study the risk assessment on export companies line the upper part of the shoes export company using Job Safety Analysis. This research was conducted observational crosssectional design. Observations made to the hazards and control measures. Interviews were conducted to 12 employees. Variables in this research is production activity, hazard identification, risk assessment, risk control and residual risk. The results of hazard identification has been done, there are 91 known potential hazards, for risk assessment found 7 high risk and low risk 5. Machine classified as high risk on the risk assessment is roving machine, whereas low-risk is two molding machine. Control efforts on the upper line in accordance with the hierarchy of controlling a number of 91 controls, whereas for the residual risk still remains as much as 30 residual risk. Control has been applied quite well by pressing the consequences of hazards and risk management.Keywords: risk assessment, controlling, residual risk

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