Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Oxytropis pseudoglandulosa Plant of Mongolian Origin

Oxytropis pseudoglandulosa is used in Mongolian traditional medicine due to its numerous reported health-promoting effects. To date, there are very few scientific reports that describe this species. In this article, its volatile oil composition, lipid extract composition, total phenolic and flavonoid content, antibacterial and allergenic properties are elucidated for the first time. Hexadecanoic acid, fokienol and tricosane were determined as the most notable components of the volatile oil, at 13.13, 11.46 and 5.55%, respectively. Methyl benzoate was shown to be the most abundant component of lipid extract at 40.69, followed by (E)-prop-2-enoic acid, 3-phenyl- and benzenepropanoic acid, at 18.55 and 9.97%. With a TPC of 6.620 mg GAE g−1 and TFC of 10.316 mg QE g−1, the plant extract of O. pseudoglandulosa indicated good antioxidant activity measured by IC50 at 18.761 µg mL−1. Of the 12 tested microorganisms, B. subtilis and S. cerevisiae were the shown to be most susceptible to the plant extract, with MIC at 2.081 and 0.260% (v/v), respectively. Bet v 1—a major birch pollen allergen found in plant-based foods—was determined to be at 192.02 ng g−1 with ELISA. Such a wide spectrum of biological activity indicated by O. pseudoglandulosa lends credence for its application in food industry. Its exerted antioxidant and antimicrobial effects could improve preservation of low-processed food dedicated for consumers afflicted with allergies. Hexadecanoic acid supplemented in foods with dietary plant extracts could add to the potential anti-inflammatory impact. The analysis of lipid makeup suggests O. pseudoglandulosa extract could also be considered as natural pesticide in organic farming.

50 Poractant alfa versus bovine lipid extract surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants: A prospective comparative effectiveness cohort study

Primary Subject area Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Background There is a paucity of comparative effectiveness data for bovine lipid extract surfactant (BLES) and poractant alfa (Curosurf). Objectives To compare duration of respiratory support and short-term outcomes in very preterm infants treated with bovine lipid extract surfactant and poractant alfa. Design/Methods We performed a prospective, multicentre, comparative effectiveness study. Thirteen Canadian level III neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) provided bovine lipid extract surfactant to infants born <32 weeks’ gestational age (GA) for a set period of time in the year 2019 (3 to 9 months), then changed to poractant alfa for the remainder of the year. The primary outcome was total duration of respiratory support (invasive and non-invasive). We utilized the Canadian Neonatal Network database for all study data. Results A total of 968 eligible infants (530 infants < 28 weeks’ GA and 438 infants 280-316weeks’ GA) were included, of which 494 received bovine lipid extract surfactant and 474 received poractant alfa. In unadjusted analysis, no difference was observed in total duration of any respiratory support (median 38 vs. 40.5 days). After adjusting for baseline characteristics and accounting for cluster effects, infants treated with poractant alfa spent a median of 4.16 fewer days on respiratory support (95% CI 0.05, 8.28 days). This reduction was observed in the subgroup of infants 280-316 weeks’ GA, but not in those < 28 weeks’ GA, and was explained by their shorter time on non-invasive respiratory support. No differences were observed in the need to re-dose surfactant, hospital mortality, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or length of stay in NICU. Conclusion Administration of poractant alfa was associated with shorter median duration of respiratory support compared to bovine lipid extract surfactant in preterm neonates < 32 weeks’ GA.

Benefits of D-005, a lipid extract from Acrocomia crispa fruits, in the prevention of acute kidney njury induced by nephrotoxicity in rats

Introduction: Aminoglycoside-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a pathology closely linked to oxidative and inflammatory reactions. Taking into account the previous reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of D-005, a lipid extract obtained from Cuban palm Acrocomia crispa (Arecaceae) fruits, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of D-005 on kanamycin-induced AKI. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups: negative control (vehicle, Tween 65/H2O) and six groups treated with kanamycin to induce AKI: positive control (vehicle), D-005 (25, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and grape seed extract (GSE, 200 mg/kg). D-005, vehicle, and GSE oral treatments were administered once daily for seven days, 1 h before kanamycin (500 mg/kg, i.p.). Serum uric acid and urea concentrations, renal histopathology, and oxidative markers (malondialdehyde (MDA), sulfhydryl (SH) groups, and catalase (CAT) activity) were assessed. Results: D-005 significantly reduced uric acid and urea levels, starting from D-005 100 mg/kg. Histopathologically, D-005, at all the tested doses, protected renal parenchyma structures (glomeruli, proximal tubules, and interstitium). These findings were accompanied by a significant reduction of MDA and SH group concentrations as well as restoration of CAT activity. The highest percentages of inhibition were obtained with the dose of 400 mg/kg. GSE, the reference substance, also prevented kanamycin-induced biochemical and histopathological changes, as well as reduced MDA and SH groups and restored CAT activity. Conclusion: The administration of repeated oral doses of D-005 significantly protected against kanamycin-induced AKI, which could be associated with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of this extract.

Screening of In-Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of Sargassum ilicifolium Crude Lipid Extracts from Different Coastal Areas in Indonesia

Sargassum brown seaweed is reported to exhibit several biological activities which promote human health, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of crude lipid extracts of Sargassum ilicifolium obtained from four different coastal areas in Indonesia, namely Awur Bay–Jepara (AB), Pari Island–Seribu Islands (PI), Sayang Heulang Beach–Garut (SHB), and Ujung Genteng Beach–Sukabumi (UGB). Results showed that treatment of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells with UGB and AB crude lipid extracts (12.5–50 µg/mL) significantly suppressed the nitric oxide production after lipopolysaccharide stimulation, both in pre-incubated and co-incubated cell culture model. The anti-inflammatory effect was most marked in the pre-incubated cell culture model. Both two crude lipid extracts showed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and high ferric reducing antioxidant power, which were amounted to 36.93–37.87 µmol Trolox equivalent/g lipid extract and 681.58–969.81 µmol FeSO4/g lipid extract, respectively. From this study, we can conclude that crude lipid extract of tropical S. ilicifolium can be further developed as a source of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent.

Local effect of melatonin in an original dermal film limiting lipid peroxidation and accelerating healing in experimental thermal trauma

Разработка и патогенетическое обоснование новых подходов к локальной терапии термической травмы (ТТ) является актуальной и востребованной проблемой. В частности, представляет интерес разработка дермальных пленок (ДП), содержащих эндогенные регуляторы гомеостаза мультитропного действия. Цель исследования - оценка эффекта мелатонина (МТ) в составе оригинальной ДП на процессы репарации и содержание продуктов перекисного окисления липидов (ПОЛ) в коже очага повреждения при локальной термической травме. Методика. Эксперимент выполнен на 126 крысах-самцах Wistar. ТТ ІІІА степени площадью 3,5% моделировали погружением участка межлопаточной области кожи в очищенную воду с температурой 98-99 ºС на 12 с. МТ в составе ДП (0,005 г/г) на основе натрия карбоксиметилцеллюлозы наносили ежедневно после ТТ в течение 5 сут. На 5-е и 10-е сут после ТТ оценивали макроскопическую картину, площадь и глубину ожоговой раны, скорость ее эпителизации. Содержание продуктов ПОЛ в гомогенате кожи ожоговой раны определяли экстрационно-спектрофотометрическим методом в гептановой и изопропанольной фазах липидного экстракта. Результаты. Установлено, что накопление вторичных и конечных продуктов ПОЛ в гептановой и изопропанольной фазах липидного экстракта на 5-е и 10-е сут ассоциировано с площадью ожога. Применение оригинальной ДП с мелатонином приводит к снижению абсолютной и относительной площади ожога, увеличению скорости эпителизации ожоговой поверхности. На 5-е сут обнаружено снижение содержания вторичных и конечных продуктов ПОЛ в изопропанольной фазе, на 10-е сутки - снижение вторичных продуктов ПОЛ в гептановой фазе, конечных продуктов ПОЛ в изопропанольной фазе липидного экстракта. Заключение. Полученные результаты демонстрируют ускоряющий репарацию кожи в очаге ТТ эффект МТ в составе дермальной пленки за счет его ПОЛ-ограничивающего действия, расширяют представления о мультитропных эффектах МТ в организме и являются предпосылкой для применения ДП с МТ в клинической практике. Background. Development and pathogenetic justification of new approaches for local therapy of thermal trauma (TT) is a relevant and in-demand issue. Of special interest are dermal films (DF) containing endogenous pleiotropic regulators of homeostasis. Melatonin (MT) is one of such regulators that is suggested to be protective in TT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MT in the original DF on indexes of repair and concentration of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in the injured skin after experimental TT. Methods. Experiments were performed on 126 Wistar male rats. Grade IIIA TT with an area of 3.5% was modeled by immersing a section of interscapular skin in purified water at a temperature of 98-99oC for 12 s. MT formulated into DF (0.005 g/g) based on sodium carboxymethylcellulose was applied after TT daily for 5 days. The macroscopic picture, area and depth of the burn wound, and the wound epithelization rate were evaluated on days 5 and 10 after TT. Concentration of LPO products in the injured skin homogenate was measured by extraction spectrophotometry in heptane and isopropanol phases of the lipid extract. Results. The accumulation of secondary and final LPO products in the heptane and isopropanol phases of the lipid extract on days 5 and 10 was associated with the burn area. The use of the original DF with MT resulted in a decrease in the absolute and relative areas of the burn and an increase in the rate of burn surface epithelialization. On day 5, a decrease in the content of secondary and final LPO products in the isopropanol phase was observed, and on day 10 decreases in secondary peroxidation products in the heptane phase and end LPO products in the isopropanol phase were detected. Conclusion. The results of this study demonstrated that MT formulated into DF accelerates skin repair in the TT focus due to its LPO-limiting effect, expands the understanding of MT pleiotropic effect, and represents a prerequisite for the clinical use of DF with MT.

Changes in free-radical oxidation in isolated femoral fracture during the systemic ozone therapy

Введение. Изолированные переломы бедренной кости (ИПБК) составляют более 10% от числа всех дорожных травм. Реакция организма в ответ на травму сопровождается нарушением гомеостаза, активацией процессов свободно-радикального окисления. Одним из перспективных направлений коррекции метаболических нарушений при хирургической патологии является озонотерапия. Цель исследования - оценка в динамике показателей свободно-радикального окисления в плазме крови у пациентов с изолированным переломом бедренной кости в условиях применения системной озонотерапии. Методика. Исследование выполнено на 36 пациентах с ИПБК и 20 условно здоровых лицах. Содержание изопропанол- и гептан-растворимых первичных, вторичных и конечных продуктов перекисного окисления липидов (ПОЛ) в плазме оценивали на 5-7-е сут после травмы до начала хирургического лечения, а также на 18-е сут после травмы, хирургического лечения и стандартного курса терапии, в том числе дополненного курсом малой аутогемотерапии (МАГТ), - 7-9 инъекций с озонированием крови (концентрация озона 20 мг/л). Результаты. Ранний посттравматический период у пациентов с ИПБК до оперативного лечения сопровождается накоплением первичных (диеновые конъюгаты), вторичных (ацилгидроперекиси, кетодиены и сопряженные триены) и конечных (основания Шиффа) продуктов ПОЛ в гептановой фазе липидного экстракта плазмы, а также вторичных и конечных продуктов ПОЛ в изопропанольной фазе липидного экстракта плазмы. У пациентов с ИПБК после оперативного лечения на фоне стандартной консервативной терапии сохраняется высокий уровень продуктов ПОЛ в гептановой и изопропанольной фазах липидного экстракта плазмы, что свидетельствует об эскалации окислительного стресса. Применение процедуры МАГТ с озонированием крови приводит к снижению и полному восстановлению уровня продуктов ПОЛ в изопропанольной фазе, снижению и частичному восстановлению продуктов ПОЛ в гептановой фазе липидного экстракта плазмы. Заключение. Применение МАГТ с озонированием крови оптимизирует состояние про- и антиоксидантных систем крови и ограничевает эскалацию окислительного стресса. Introduction. Isolated femoral fractures (IFF) account for more than 10% of all road injuries. The body responds to trauma with homeostatic disorders and activation of free radical oxidation. The ozone therapy is one of promising directions for correction of metabolic disorders in surgical pathology due to the pleiotropic effects of reactive oxygen species. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in indexes of free radical oxidation in plasma of patients with isolated femoral fracture during the systemic ozone therapy. Methods. The study included 36 patients with IFF and 20 healthy individuals. Plasma concentrations of isopropanol and heptane-soluble primary, secondary, and end products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured at 5-7 days after the injury, prior to the surgical treatment, and at 18 days after the injury following the surgical treatment and a standard therapy, including a course of minor autohemotherapy (7-9 injections of ozonated blood with ozone concentration of 20 mg/l). Results. The early post-traumatic period preceding the surgical treatment was associated with accumulation of LPO primary (conjugated dienes), secondary (ketodienes, and conjugated trienes) and end (Schiff bases) products in the heptane phase of plasma lipid extract, as well as LPO secondary and end products in the isopropanol phase of plasma lipid extract. In patients with IFF after the surgical treatment in combination with a standard, conservative therapy, high levels of LPO products remained in the heptane and isopropanol phases of plasma lipid extract, which indicated escalation of oxidative stress. The use of minor autohemotherapy with blood ozonation resulted in a decrease and complete restoration of the level of LPO products in the isopropanol phase and a decrease and partial return to the normal level of LPO products in the heptane phase of plasma lipid extract. Conclusions. The use of minor autohemotherapy with blood ozonation improved the condition of pro- and antioxidant blood systems and restricted the escalation of oxidative stress.

Green-lipped (greenshell™) mussel (Perna canaliculus) extract supplementation in treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic review

Objectives Intervention studies using New Zealand green-lipped or greenshell™ mussel (GSM) (Perna canaliculus) extract in osteoarthritis (OA) patients have shown effective pain relief. This systematic review summarises the efficacy of GSM extracts in the treatment of OA. Methods A literature search of the three databases EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Scopus was performed to identify relevant articles published up to March 2020. Inclusion criteria were clinical trials published in English measuring the effect of supplementation of whole or a lipid extract from GSM on pain and mobility outcomes in OA patients. Results A total of nine clinical trials were included in systematic review, from which five studies were considered appropriate for inclusion in a forest plot. Pooled results showed that GSM extracts (lipid extract or whole powder) provide moderate and clinically significant treatment effects on a visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score (effect size: − 0.46; 95% CI − 0.82 to − 0.10; p = 0.01). The whole GSM extract improved gastrointestinal symptoms in OA patients taking anti-inflammatory medications. The GSM extract was considered to be generally well tolerated in most of the studies. Conclusion The overall analysis showed that GSM provided moderate and clinically meaningful treatment effects on OA pain. However, the current evidence is limited by the number and quality of studies, and further larger and high-quality studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness and to identify the optimal GSM format. Nevertheless, it is worth considering using GSM extracts especially for patients seeking alternative pain relief treatments with fewer side effects compared to conventional treatment.