Introduction and Verification of the Milestone Payment System in the Cost Management of Clinical Trials

SummaryDespite evidence from 6 major clinical trials that warfarin effectively prevents strokes in atrial fibrillation, clinicians and health care managers may remain reluctant to support anticoagulant prophylaxis because of its perceived costs. Yet, doing nothing also has a price. To assess this, we carried out a pharmacoe-conomic analysis of warfarin use in atrial fibrillation. The course of the disease, including the occurrence of cerebral and systemic emboli, intracranial and other major bleeding events, was modeled and a meta-analysis of the clinical trials and other relevant literature was carried out to estimate the required probabilities with and without warfarin use. The cost of managing each event, including acute and subsequent care, home care equipment and MD costs, was derived by estimating the cost per resource unit, the proportion consuming each resource and the volume of use. Unit costs and volumes of use were determined from established US government databases, all charges were adjusted using cost-to-charge ratios, and a 3% discount rate was applied to costs incurred beyond the first year. The proportions of patients consuming each resource were estimated by fitting a joint distribution to the clinical trial data, stroke outcome data from a recent Swedish study and aggregate ICD-9 specific, Massachusetts discharge data. If nothing is done, 3.2% more patients will suffer serious emboli annually and the expected annual cost of managing a patient will increase by DM 2,544 (1996 German Marks), from DM 4,366 to DM 6,910. Extensive multiway sensitivity analyses revealed that the higher price of doing nothing persists except for very extreme combinations of inputs unsupported by literature or clinical standards. The price of doing nothing is thus so high, both in health and economic terms, that cost-consciousness as well as clinical considerations mandate warfarin prophylaxis in atrial fibrillation.

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Planning for Reuse. Developing a Strategy for the Northern Territory, Australia

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1991.0233 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 24 (9) ◽

pp. 31-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. D. Burgess

Keyword(s):

Potable Water ◽

Cost Management ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Northern Territory ◽

Sewage Effluent ◽

Cost Benefits ◽

Management Procedures ◽

Marketing Activities ◽

Harsh Climate ◽

The Cost

A harsh climate, extended dry periods and relatively expensive water resources underly the potential for effluent reuse in the Northern Territory, Australia. The cost of supplying potable water and the potential offsetting effects of utilising sewage effluent are reviewed. The need to firmly establish the true cost to the community of different supply options is identified. Major cost benefits accrue where reuse will enable deferment of either significant potable source augmentation or sewage treatment works upgrading and where horticultural prospects are good at a reuse site close to the treatment works. An overall strategy plan for increasing the potential of reuse is described. This plan includes firm cost management procedures, marketing activities, appropriate land planning measures and a commitment to research and development.

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Research on Project Cost Management Model of Ecological Construction

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.1197 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 480-481 ◽

pp. 1197-1200

Author(s):

Feng Liu ◽

Jun Min Wang

Keyword(s):

Project Management ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Construction Projects ◽

Cost Management ◽

Building Energy ◽

Management Model ◽

Building Energy Consumption ◽

Specific Cost ◽

The Cost ◽

Ecological Construction

In recent years, in order to reduce building energy consumption in China, and vigorously promote the development of ecological construction, the paper studies disadvantages of the cost of traditional project management applications in the ecological construction projects, exploring specific cost management adapt to the ecological construction project.

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Application of ABC for the Cost Management in Container Terminal

2009 International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering ◽

10.1109/iciii.2009.393 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jack Xunjie Luo ◽

Zi Ma ◽

Tiechen Fan ◽

Jiemin Yang ◽

Yanjun Hu

Keyword(s):

Cost Management ◽

Container Terminal ◽

The Cost

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LARGE-SCALE CLINICAL TRIALS: ARE THEY WORTH THE COST?

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb55234.x ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 382 (1 Sudden Corona) ◽

pp. 411-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Robert I. Levy ◽

Edward J. Sondik

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Large Scale ◽

The Cost

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The Cost Planning/Cost Management Group

Target Cost Management ◽

10.1201/9781439835616-c6 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 105-110

Keyword(s):

Cost Management ◽

Management Group ◽

Cost Planning ◽

The Cost

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Web based cost management tool prototype development using temporal-activity based costing (Temporal-ABC)

10.32920/ryerson.14657724.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mourougavelou Vaithianathan

Keyword(s):

Management System ◽

Cost Management ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Management Tool ◽

Activity Based Costing ◽

Product Cost ◽

Web Based ◽

Prototype Development ◽

Cost Management System ◽

The Cost

The cost management system is a powerful tool for managers to understand manufacturing plant performance. It is essential for any organization to develop a cost management system to estimate the product cost and to account actual cost spent for the product manufacturing. The Activity Based Costing (ABC) system has recently attracted the attention of many companies and is considered to provide better information about the cost pattern and the relationship between resources and activities. However, a survey of earlier research reveals that there are several difficulties to estimate the true product cost due to selection of overhead drivers to activities. To overcome these difficulties Temporal-ABC has been developed by Dr. K.D. Tham. In the first part of the report, costing system implementation issues are studied through real-time case studies. Then, research has been conducted and web-based proptotype application is developed using Temporal-ABC through collaboration with a world-class electronics industry - Celestica Inc. Toronto, Canada. The developed prototype demonstrates the application of Temporal-ABC for cost estimation at Celestica.

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Macroeconomic uncertainty and cost stickiness

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202021401031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 214 ◽

pp. 01031

Author(s):

Ziyang Li ◽

Xi Cheng ◽

Mengwei Zhang ◽

Xian Wen

Keyword(s):

Cost Management ◽

Adjustment Cost ◽

Economic Determinants ◽

Listed Firms ◽

Macroeconomic Uncertainty ◽

Cost Asymmetry ◽

Cost Behavior ◽

Core Issue ◽

The Cost ◽

Cost Stickiness

Cost management is the core issue related to the development of enterprises, and studying enterprise cost behavior will contribute to optimizing enterprise decisions. However, an enterprise is not an independent organization. Instead, it exists and is affected by the macroeconomic environment. So it is conducive for company to apply macroenvironment information to cost management behaviors. This paper studies the cost stickiness based on the perspective of macroeconomic uncertainty, and takes “adjustment cost” and “agency problems” as the internal logic to integrate into the existing interpretation framework of cost stickiness. We analyze SG&A costs for Chinese listed firms over the period 2013 – 2019 after controlling for known economic determinants. The results show a positive relation between the macroeconomic uncertainty and the degree of cost asymmetry. In particular, the macroeconomic uncertainty makes the cost stickiness of human resource cost weaken.

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Mechanism of the quality cost administration system

Economics. Finances. Law ◽

10.37634/efp.2021.5(2).4 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 23-26

Author(s):

Serhii TKACHENKO ◽

Olena POTYSHNIAK ◽

Yevheniia POLIAKOVA

Keyword(s):

Quality Assurance ◽

Production Process ◽

Cost Management ◽

Quality Cost ◽

Cost Of Quality ◽

Quality Of Work ◽

Quality Assurance Process ◽

Assurance Process ◽

The Cost

Strengthening the impact of the production and economic mechanism on increasing the economic efficiency of the production process and the quality of work is possible on the basis of choosing the most effective ways to achieve high end results of the national economic system of the country. One of these ways is the inclusion in the system of controlled parameters of the economic parameters of quality cost management, the use of which guarantees the quality coordination system to reach a given economically justified state. Adjustment of quality costs consists in maintaining the established proportions between the costs of quality assurance (quality) and the mismatch of work quality indicators, which is achieved by controlling the level of defects, maintaining certain conditions, rules and norms corresponding to the optimal mode of work on quality assurance and the optimal value costs. The quality assurance process is based on a classification represented by a range of activities aimed at ensuring the quality of tools, objects of labour, living labour and information data at all stages of the production process. The costing methodology is based on the selection of the costing object and costing units. Representation of work on quality assurance as an object of calculation, and hours of work or total amount of work as calculation units allows at the right time to present in value terms both the quality assurance process as a whole and the cost of quality for the product. The recommended mechanism of the cost management system in general is focused on a wide range of enterprises and associations, and its use allows to obtain the effect of minimizing the cost of quality, as well as improve the quality of work to ensure product quality, ice directly contribute to production efficiency and quality. Increase of economic benefit at the expense of cost control system solutions of the problem in the future is possible if its implementation on the basis of the theory of functional management development, conversion of static model into a dynamic coordination costs.

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