SYMPOSIUM ON SNAKE BITE: OBSERVATIONS ON THE CERTAINLY LETHAL DOSE OF THE VENOM OF THE DEATH ADDER (ANCANTHOPHIS ANTARCTICUS) FOR THE COMMON LABORATORY ANIMALS

1929 ◽  
Vol 1 (23) ◽  
pp. 764-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Kellaway
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Laboratory

scholarly journals The antibody response in man following infection with viruses of the pox group I. An evaluation of the pock counting method for measuring neutralizing antibody

1958 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. McCarthly ◽  
A.W. Downie ◽  
P. Armitage
Keyword(s):  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vaccinia Viruses ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Laboratory ◽  
Made In

Various techniques have been used in studying antibody responses following infection with pox viruses. Ofthe in vitrotests the complement fixation and haemagglutination inhibition techniques have proved most convenient, but the antibodies concerned are apparently diiferent from neutralizing antibody (Chu, 1948). Estimation of this antibody to certain members of the group, such as ectromelia and vaccinia viruses, may be made in susceptible animals. Variola virus does not, however, produce lesions in the common laboratory animals with sufficient regularity to make such neutralization tests practicable. But it does constantly give rise to recognizable focal lesions on the chorio-allantois of developing chick embryos. This tissue, susceptible to most members of the pox group, has therefore been used in previous studies (McCarthy & Downie, 1948; Downie & McCarthy, 1950), employing the technique developed by Burnet and his colleagues for vaccinia and other viruses (Burnet, 1936; Keogh, 1936; Burnet, Keogh & Lush, 1937; Burnet & Lush, 1939).

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTS ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PSEUDORABIES

1935 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Shope
Keyword(s):  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Contagious Disease ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Laboratory

Pseudorabies is a very fatal but non-contagious disease in cattle and the common laboratory animals. It is a relatively mild yet highly contagious disease in swine. It has been shown that in swine the nose serves both for the entrance and the exit of the virus. Furthermore, it has been observed that fatal pseudorabies infections in rabbits can be induced merely by bringing their abraded skin into contact with the noses of infected swine. The blood sera of swine on two farms where pseudorabies had occurred among the cattle were found to be capable of neutralizing pseudorabies virus. It is believed that in these instances the swine had a mild and unrecognized pseudorabies infection and transmitted their disease to the cattle with which they were associated, by transfer of the virus on their noses to the abraded skin of the cattle.

Comparative histochemistry of the gastric mucosa: A survey of the common laboratory animals and man

1964 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herzl Ragins ◽  
Mary Dittbrenner ◽  
Justo Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Laboratory

The feeding of “Gammexane” and DDT to Bovines

1948 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
East Coast Fever ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Final Dose ◽  
Benzene Hexachloride ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Common ◽  
Crude Benzene ◽  
Sufficient Concentration

Benzene hexachloride and DDT are relatively new insecticides and their veterinary value when administered orally to bovines has not yet been fully investigated.The first series of experiments showed that 0·5 gm./kg. on two successive days of D. 929, was toxic; 0·25 gm./kg. on two successive days followed by 0·125gm./kg. on the 3rd and 4th days was well tolerated, and the benzene hexachloride remained in the blood in sufficient concentration to kill feeding tsetse and ticks up to the 41st day. After a single dose of 0·25 gm./kg. the benzene hexachloride remained in the blood for only 10 to 12 days, and failed to protect the animal from East Coast Fever when it was grazed on heavily infested pasture.Five calves susceptible to East Coast Fever were dosed with D.929 and exposed to attack by the common tick species under African farming conditions. A dose of 0·125 gm./kg. given weekly protected a calf from East Coast Fever, but there was no protection when the same dose was given once a fortnight. A dose of 0·125 gm./kg. given weekly also protected, whereas 0·1 gm./kg. failed. At all these dosages the concentration of benzene hexachloride in the blood was sufficient to kill feeding G. palpalis during the period the calves were under treatment and for periods of 10 to 25 days after the final dose.D.929 given to animals suffering from East Coast Fever and Trypanosomiasis had no effect on the course of these diseases.Doses of 0·3 gm./kg. (39 mg./kg. gamma isomer) are toxic to young animals but older animals showed a greater tolerance. Hypersensitivity, muscular tremors, and general paralysis were the main toxic symptoms, and gross pathologicaal changes were most obvious in the liver and urinary system. The median lethal dose of benzene hexachloride given orally for calves is therefore lower than for small laboratory animals as recorded by Cameron (1945). Only crude benzene hexachloride powder (13 per cent, gamma) was used in the preserit experiments, but Slade (1945) has shown that this is markedly less toxic than the purified gamma powder.Little experimental work was done with DDT as the results with benzene hexachloride were more promising both in the control of ticks and tsetse.

scholarly journals ROENTGEN RAY INTOXICATION

1923 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Warren ◽  
G. H. Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Pelvic Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Incomplete Observations ◽  
Intestinal Pathology ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Laboratory ◽  
Human Intestinal Tract

These experiments show that the common laboratory animals are about equally sensitive to the x-ray given over the abdomen. The clinical reaction following a M.L.D. is very similar and the intestinal pathology almost identical. The rat and guinea pig are slightly more sensitive to the x-ray than are the dog, cat, and rabbit. By contrast birds, frogs, and reptiles are very resistant to the x-ray and may tolerate two or three doses of radiation lethal for dogs. We can offer no convincing explanation for this fact which is discussed above. These data strengthen our belief in the scattered and incomplete observations on human cases which indicate that the human intestinal tract is likewise sensitive to radiation. This fact must be given careful consideration in conditions where abdominal or pelvic radiation is being used because such injury done to intestinal epithelium is always serious and in some cases irreparable.

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