A PRELIMINARY NOTE ON THE VENOM OF THE AUSTRALIAN COPPER‐HEAD ( DENISONIA SUPERBA ): ITS TOXIC EFFECTS IN THE COMMON LABORATORY ANIMALS

1929 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 358-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Kellaway
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Preliminary Note ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Laboratory

scholarly journals The antibody response in man following infection with viruses of the pox group I. An evaluation of the pock counting method for measuring neutralizing antibody

1958 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. McCarthly ◽  
A.W. Downie ◽  
P. Armitage
Keyword(s):  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vaccinia Viruses ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Laboratory ◽  
Made In

Various techniques have been used in studying antibody responses following infection with pox viruses. Ofthe in vitrotests the complement fixation and haemagglutination inhibition techniques have proved most convenient, but the antibodies concerned are apparently diiferent from neutralizing antibody (Chu, 1948). Estimation of this antibody to certain members of the group, such as ectromelia and vaccinia viruses, may be made in susceptible animals. Variola virus does not, however, produce lesions in the common laboratory animals with sufficient regularity to make such neutralization tests practicable. But it does constantly give rise to recognizable focal lesions on the chorio-allantois of developing chick embryos. This tissue, susceptible to most members of the pox group, has therefore been used in previous studies (McCarthy & Downie, 1948; Downie & McCarthy, 1950), employing the technique developed by Burnet and his colleagues for vaccinia and other viruses (Burnet, 1936; Keogh, 1936; Burnet, Keogh & Lush, 1937; Burnet & Lush, 1939).

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTS ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PSEUDORABIES

1935 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Shope
Keyword(s):  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Contagious Disease ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Laboratory

Pseudorabies is a very fatal but non-contagious disease in cattle and the common laboratory animals. It is a relatively mild yet highly contagious disease in swine. It has been shown that in swine the nose serves both for the entrance and the exit of the virus. Furthermore, it has been observed that fatal pseudorabies infections in rabbits can be induced merely by bringing their abraded skin into contact with the noses of infected swine. The blood sera of swine on two farms where pseudorabies had occurred among the cattle were found to be capable of neutralizing pseudorabies virus. It is believed that in these instances the swine had a mild and unrecognized pseudorabies infection and transmitted their disease to the cattle with which they were associated, by transfer of the virus on their noses to the abraded skin of the cattle.

Comparative histochemistry of the gastric mucosa: A survey of the common laboratory animals and man

1964 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herzl Ragins ◽  
Mary Dittbrenner ◽  
Justo Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Laboratory

scholarly journals ROENTGEN RAY INTOXICATION

1923 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Warren ◽  
G. H. Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Pelvic Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Incomplete Observations ◽  
Intestinal Pathology ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Laboratory ◽  
Human Intestinal Tract

These experiments show that the common laboratory animals are about equally sensitive to the x-ray given over the abdomen. The clinical reaction following a M.L.D. is very similar and the intestinal pathology almost identical. The rat and guinea pig are slightly more sensitive to the x-ray than are the dog, cat, and rabbit. By contrast birds, frogs, and reptiles are very resistant to the x-ray and may tolerate two or three doses of radiation lethal for dogs. We can offer no convincing explanation for this fact which is discussed above. These data strengthen our belief in the scattered and incomplete observations on human cases which indicate that the human intestinal tract is likewise sensitive to radiation. This fact must be given careful consideration in conditions where abdominal or pelvic radiation is being used because such injury done to intestinal epithelium is always serious and in some cases irreparable.

PRECLINICAL STUDY OF THE VETERINARY DRUGS TOXICITY

1970 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
E. K. Rakhmatullin ◽  
O. D. Sklyarov
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
Veterinary Drugs ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Organ Systems

Preclinical study of the drugs toxicity was analysed it allows predicting the safety of veterinary drugs in laboratory animals. The fundamental normative instruments in the field of preclinical study of drugs for veterinary medicine and animal husbandry are Order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation dated 06.03.2018 N 101 and GOST 33044-2014 Principles of Good Laboratory Practice. An important indicator of the preclinical study of the veterinary drugs is the determination (calculation) of median lethal dose value (lethal dose for half of the animals tested) or concentration (LD50 or LC50). Existing methods for determining this indicator make it possible at the initial study stage to determine the degree and class the drug of toxicity. Studying the symptoms of intoxication in the analysis of pharmacological substances one obtains significant information about the nature of the action of the future drug. The clinical manifestations of intoxication with damage to various organ systems are presented. As criteria for assessing the toxic effects of veterinary drugs it is recommended to determine LD50, cumulation coefficient, latitude index of therapeutic effects, dose level of toxic effects in the experiment which allows predicting the nature and degree of toxic effects of the drug even at the stage of preclinical veterinary drugs study.

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