scholarly journals Chapter 5: Climate change, human security and the humanitarian crisis in the Lake Chad Basin region: selected legal and developmental aspects with a special focus on water governance

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-136
Author(s):  
Oliver C. Ruppel ◽  
Mark B. Funteh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Chad Basin ◽  
Lake Chad Basin ◽  
Basin Region

scholarly journals The Split in Boko Haram and Its Impact for the Lake Chad Basin Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-230
Author(s):  
T. S. Denisova ◽  
S. V. Kostelyanets
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Chad Basin ◽  
Lake Chad Basin ◽  
Military Tactics ◽  
Basin Region

The Islamist group Boko Haram (BH) was founded in the early 2000s and in less than two decades has transformed from a “Nigerian” movement into a regional one. Tactical, strategic and ideological differences between the leaders of BH have repeatedly led to its splits into separate factions; the most serious occurred in 2016, when the group split into the Islamic State in West Africa Province and Jamaatu Ahl-is-Sunna Lidda’Awati Wal-Jihad, the latter being still referred to as “Boko Haram” for convenience.The present paper examines the reasons for the splits in BH, the goals and military tactics of the two factions, and the prospects for the development of the security situation in the region of the Lake Chad basin (LCB), where armed conflict is fueled by large-scale poverty, socio-economic and political marginalization, and ineffectiveness of local authorities against the background of intertribal tensions and massive migration.The LCB has now become a huge human reservoir for jihadist recruitment. The situation in the region is further complicated by the fact that a significant portion of the population supports the Islamists, while the majority of locals are targeted by them and seek to leave their homes.The authors note that the division of BH into separate factions has made it more difficult for the LCB armed forces to conduct anti-terrorist operations, and for the LCB governments to negotiate cease fires or retrieve hostages, although, simultaneously, the split has led to a certain decline in the level of violence and to the weakening of the influence of the Islamists on the socio-economic development in the region.

scholarly journals Arrival or Return? Temporality and Materiality of Transit Sites in Overlapping Displacement Context in Border Cities of the Lake Chad Basin Region

Urban Forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyewole Simon Oginni
Keyword(s):  
State Regulation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Chad Basin ◽  
Lake Chad Basin ◽  
In Transit ◽  
And Control ◽  
Basin Region

AbstractSince over a decade of conflicts in the Lake Chad Basin region, different measures have been adopted to regulate the mobility of displaced persons in border cities. Mubi—like other transit sites—is both a place of care and control, of incentivization and eviction and of inclusion and exclusion. To nuance these contradictions, I argue that we might have to pay attention to arrival practices in transit sites, particularly the encounter with infrastructures, which are intertwined and profoundly co-constitutive of the displaced persons’ realities. In transit sites, arrival is practised and lived temporally and relationally among the displaced persons, despite the conditions of exile and immobility. Urban infrastructures (such as marketplaces, transit camps and living rooms) transform and enact the strategy adopted by the displaced persons to navigate daily life and to ‘move on’ from conditions of exile and confinement. Moving on, in this sense, is a strategy to overcome the disruption of the temporality of arrival practices from the Nigerian state regulation of mobility through incentivization and encampment policies. I demonstrate that both incentivization and encampment aim towards a common goal, which is to render displaced persons invisible in urban centres while becoming a raw material for capital production. The regulation enables a new form of unplanned spaces to emerge that are hyper-visible and super-precarious at the urban margins. This paper calls for a critical perspective on humanitarian urbanism in the Global South.

scholarly journals Multinational Joint Task Force’s Fight against Insurgency in the Lake Chad Basin Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
African Union ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Chad Basin ◽  
North East ◽  
Joint Task ◽  
Lake Chad Basin ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Basin Region

Describing north east Nigeria without making mention of insurgency would be incomplete, as the resurgence of insurgent groups particularly Jamā'at Ahl as-Sunnah lid-Da'wah wa'l-Jihād commonly refered to as Boko Haram have wreaked havoc in the region for close to 12 years. In response to the activities of insurgent groups, the African Union Peace and Security Council and the authority of the Lake Chad Basin Commission moved to expand the mandate of the MNJJT to include counter insurgency. The task force is made up of orcesrom Cameroon, Chad,Niger Nigeria and Benin republic. The task force have been able to make considerable gains against insurgency, however, insurgency still remains a major challenge in the region, which makes necessary an appraisal of the task force in justifying the purpose of its creation. The study reveals major challenges like inadequate technical knowhow, inadequate funding amongst others threatens the operations of the MNJTF. The paper recommends that military response is solely incapable of addressing insurgency, member States need to re-examine counter insurgency policies to be multidimensional.

scholarly journals Assessment of Drought Characteristics under Changing Climatic Conditions using SPI and SPEI Indices in Semi-Arid Environment of Southeastern Niger

2021 ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
Issiaka Issaharou-Matchi ◽  
Habou Rabiou ◽  
Boubacar M. Moussa ◽  
Idrissa Soumana ◽  
Karim Saley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Chad Basin ◽  
Lake Chad Basin ◽  
Semi Arid

In the sahelian zone where 80% of the populations rely on rainfed-agricultural activities for their livelihood, drought episodes had significant socio-economics and ecological impacts. In recent decades, there has been an increase in the intensity, frequency and severity of drought occurrence mainly attributed to climate change. Thus, the main objectives of this study were: i) to understand drought multi-scale patterns and trend; ii) to assess drought duration, frequency and temporal extent over Mainé-soroa and Diffa located in the lake chad basin. To achieve these objectives standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24-month timescales were employed for the stations of Mainé-soroa and Diffa. Stations’ monthly rainfall, air minimum and maximum temperature spanning 1950-2009 and 1988-2017 respectively for Mainé-soroa and Diffa were used for the analysis. The Mann–kendall trend test was performed and revealed negative SPEI and SPI trends in the station of Mainé-soroa.  Results indicate a significant negative SPI-12 and SPI-24 trend (p-value < 0.05), while no trend was detected in the rest of the time-scale series. The absolute value of declining trend was gradually increasing when SPEI was calculated with more lagged months.  Meanwhile, at the Diffa station both SPEI and SPI showed positive trends. The pettitt's t-test on the SPEI series indicated particularly 1968 as the change point detected for three time scales including spei-9, SPEI-12, and SPEI-24. Drought frequency generally increased in Mainé-soroa over the period of 1950–2009. SPEI appear to be the most powerful tool of monitoring drought in semi-arid environment in the context of climate change. To build resilience to drought and cope with its effects in the area we stress the importance of the establishment of early risk identification and advices framework at local level such study should be extended to lake chad basin.

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