scholarly journals Cunninghamella bertholletiae’s Toxins from Decomposing Cassava: Mitigation Strategy for Toxin Reduction Using Nepenthes mirabilis ‘Monkey Cup’ Digestive Fluids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elie Fereche Itoba-Tombo ◽  
Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe ◽  
John Baptist Nzukizi Mudumbi ◽  
Lukhanyo Mekuto ◽  
Enoch Akinbiyi Akinpelu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Mitigation Strategy ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
By Products

A fermentation technique was utilised to assess a fungus, i.e. Cunninghamella bertholletiae/polymorpha, isolated from rotting cassava, ability to produce mycotoxins and resultant oxidation by-products of the mycotoxins using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Thus, the mycotoxins/secondary metabolites, fumonisin B1 (FB1) and deoxynivalenol (DON) were produced while, heptadecanone, octadecanamide, octadecenal and 3-keto-deoxynivalenol (DON) were successfully identified as biodegradation by-products in the fermentation broth treated with hydrolysing ‘monkey cup’ juice from Nepenthes mirabilis. Exposure to the mycotoxins and the biodegradation by-products through consumption of contaminated produce including contact due to the cumulative presence in arable agricultural soil can be harmful to humans and animals. Therefore, this work reports on a strategy for the mitigation and reduction of mycotoxins in agricultural soil using natural plant pitcher juices from N. mirabilis’ ‘monkey cup’.

Utility of the Colorimetric Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminum Complexation Assays for Quantifying Secondary Metabolite Variation among Wild Sunflowers

Helia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (65) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana F. Webber ◽  
Chase M. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

AbstractSecondary metabolites serve multiple functions in plants, and play a key role in many ecological processes. Accordingly, the quantification of such compounds is central to addressing many questions in plant science. Alongside precision analytical methods like gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, there exists a substantial niche for inexpensive and rapid spectrophotometric approaches if their usefulness in a system can be demonstrated. This study seeks to examine the utility of two commonly used colorimetric methods – the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the aluminum complexation assay – for quantifying variation in leaf phenolic and flavonoid content among members of the genus Helianthus, the sunflowers. Among species known a priori to vary substantially in both the diversity and relative concentrations of secondary metabolites, both assays detect substantial variation among species. Moreover, total phenolic content as assessed by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay correlates positively with concentrations of multiple individual phenolic compounds as quantified by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, indicating that the Folin-Ciocalteu describes variation in sunflower phenolic content. Additionally, the diversity of flavonoids known from Helianthus include a number of those known to be sensitive to the aluminum complexation assay, indicating that this assay may also be a useful descriptor of relative variation in sunflower flavonoid content. In total, both the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum complexation assays appear to capture useful, if coarse, variation in secondary metabolites among Helianthus species, and seem useful as rapid low-cost methods for exploratory research, preliminary analyses, and potentially useful for high-throughput phenotyping within wild or cultivated sunflower with proper calibration.

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