scholarly journals Activated Flooded Jets and Immiscible Layer Technology Help to Remove and Prevent the Formation of Bottom Sediments in the Oil Storage Tanks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgii V. Nesyn
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
External Heat ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
High Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Screw Propeller ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Tank Bottom

Two flooded jet methods of tank bottom sediments caving based on either screw propeller generation or nozzle jets generated with entering crude head oppose each other. The comparison is not advantageous for the first one. Exceptionally if crude oil contains some concentration of high molecular weight polymer which can perform Drag Reduction. In this case, the jet range increases by many times, thus, upgrading the capability of caving system. Preventing the sedimentation of crude oil heavy components may be put into practice with Immiscible Layer Technology. Before filling the tank with crude oil, some quantity of heavy liquid, that is immiscible with all the components of crude oil, is poured into the tank. The most suitable/fit for purpose and available liquid is glycerin. Neither paraffin and resins, nor asphaltenes can penetrate through the glycerin layer to settle down at the tank bottom because of its density, which is equal to 1.26 g/cm3. Instead, sediments are concentrated at/on the glycerin surface and when it is heated in external heat exchanger all the sediments ought to move upwards with the convection streams. Thus, no deteriorate sediment is formed in the tank bottom.

CHARACTERIZATION OF SLUDGE WAXES FROM CRUDE OIL STORAGE TANKS HANDLING OFFSHORE CRUDE

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 755-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Fazal ◽  
R. Rai ◽  
G.C. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Oil Storage

scholarly journals Lowering uncertainty in crude oil measurement by selecting optimized envelope color of a pipeline

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood Farzaneh-Gord ◽  
Alireza Rasekh ◽  
Morteza Saadat ◽  
Amin Nabati
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Exterior Surface ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Gravity Effects ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
Measured Volume

Lowering uncertainty in crude oil volume measurement has been widely considered as one of main purposes in an oil export terminal. It is found that crude oil temperature at metering station has big effects on measured volume and may cause big uncertainty at the metering point. As crude oil flows through an aboveground pipeline, pick up the solar radiation and heat up. This causes the oil temperature at the metering point to rise and higher uncertainty to be created. The amount of temperature rise is depended on exterior surface paint color. In the Kharg Island, there is about 3 km distance between the oil storage tanks and the metering point. The oil flows through the pipeline due to gravity effects as storage tanks are located 60m higher than the metering point. In this study, an analytical model has been conducted for predicting oil temperature at the pipeline exit (the metering point) based on climate and geographical conditions of the Kharg Island. The temperature at the metering point has been calculated and the effects of envelope color have been investigated. Further, the uncertainty in the measurement system due to temperature rise has been studied.

Determination of the Ovality of Crude Oil Storage Tanks Using Least Squares

2011 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Irughe Ehigiator ◽  
J.O. Ehiorobo ◽  
Ashraf A. Beshr ◽  
M.O. Ehigiator
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Unbiased Estimate ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Least Squares Adjustment

In the processing of field measurements, the observations are adjusted using the least squares principle which gives unbiased estimate of the parameter sought together with their accuracies. In this paper, the use of the Least Squares model in the determination of the tank radius, centre point coordinates and ovality are discussed. The circular cross section of the crude oil storage tanks was divided into sixteen monitoring stations at equal intervals around the tank and at an elevation of 2m from the tank base. Total station instrument was then used to carry out angular and linear measurements by method of multiple intersection to reflectors held on the studs. The field measurements were post processed and adjustment of observation carried out by Least Squares adjustment method. The adjusted coordinates together with the computed radius were then used to determine tanks ovality. All data processing and adjustment were carried out with the aid of MATLAB Software for the 2003, 2004 and 2008 measurement epochs.The results of the study revealed an expansion of the tank shell between 2004 and 2008 measurement epoch. The radius of the tank was computed to be 38.187m in 2003 and 2004 and 38.205m in 2008 respectively.

THE KATRINA OIL SPILL RESPONSE: THE ROAD TO RECOVERY AND POST-DISASTER UPDATES

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 1225-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Keel ◽  
Stacey Crecy ◽  
Charlie Henry
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Oil Storage

ABSTRACT In addition to the loss of life and property caused by Hurricane Katrina, the powerful storm caused significant environmental injury. The destruction and failure of hundreds of oil facilities and oil storage tanks resulted in many oil spills. Coast Guard Sector New Orleans received reports that more than 8 million gallons of crude oil were discharged throughout the region. The largest single incident resulted in the loss of an estimated 90,000 bbls of crude oil from two large storage tanks in a very remote location near Cox Bay, Louisiana. Other authors will describe how the initial response managers overcame the incredible challenges of managing multiple oil spills in an enormous area devoid of support infrastructure, human resources and the logistical networks normally present. By January 2006, most of the oil spills from facilities impacted by Hurricane Katrina had entered the natural recovery phase while the response had transitioned from the initial disaster response phase to a more traditional response. However, in February 2008, there are still several sites that require continued clean-up and monitoring by federal and state officials. This paper will review the final stages of the federal government'S response to the Katrina-related oil spills and include planning and prevention measures that could reduce the risk of oil spills during similar storm events. Some of the topics included are: Hurricane Planning in Southeastern Louisiana'S Coastal Zone and consideration for improving facility Hurricane and Contingency Plans.

Acoustic Emission Based Tank Bottom Floor Corrosion Detection

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
◽  
Hao Feng ◽  
Zhou-Mo Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Actual Application ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Tank Bottom ◽  
Nondestructive Testing Method

The tank bottom floor is a crucial component of large oil storage tanks, and its status has a pivotal impact on the integrity of the entire tank. Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring is an advanced, in-service, nondestructive testing method internationally recognized to be capable of assessing the tank bottom floor without the necessity of prior tank cleaning. In this paper, the principle of Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) is illustrated, and the efficiency of piezoelectric AE sensors is verified through a field experiment. The authors then investigate Mach-Zehnder interferometerbased AE sensors with a view to using optical fiber sensors as a substitute for acoustic emission detecting. The results of the experiment indicate that optical fiber AE sensors based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer can be used as transducers sensitive to acoustic events, so they can serve as indicators of the imminent failure of a structure. In addition, some suggestions are put forward regarding forthcoming actual application.

Evaluation of a sequential biotrickling-biofiltration unit for removal of VOCs from the headspace of crude oil storage tanks

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1778-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shooka Khoramfar ◽  
Kim D Jones ◽  
James Boswell ◽  
Jalil Ghobadi ◽  
Jan Paca
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Oil Storage

The Evaluation of the Influence of Geographic and Meteorological Factors on Heat Transfer in the Case of Crude Oil Storage in Overground Tanks

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1384-1391
Author(s):  
Tudora Cristescu ◽  
Monica Emanuela Stoica ◽  
Silvian Suditu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Main Factors

The study aims to analyze the main factors that influence the transfer of heat in the case of crude oil storage. A model based on the computing relations taken from specific publications was developed. The case studies were conducted on the basis of experimental research on several oil storage tanks, located in an oil transit station in Romania. The following two cases were analyzed, i.e., when the crude oil is heated and stagnates in the storage tank, and when it only stagnates, respectively. The analysis and application of the developed standard model facilitated the establishing of the factors that influence heat transfer. The influence of the geographic position and meteorological factors was also analyzed, which led to the formulation of conclusions with respect to the heat loss that occurs through the walls of the tanks.

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