scholarly journals Electromagnetic Compatibility Issues in Medical Devices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Wei Wang ◽  
Ting-Tse Lin
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Cardiac Pacemaker ◽  
Medical Engineering ◽  
Implantable Device ◽  
Cardiac Pacemakers ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulator

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in biomedical applications is a significant issue related to the user’s life safety, especially in implantable medical devices. Cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders are the main chronic disease worldwide that rely on implantable treatment devices such as cardiac pacemakers and vagus nerve stimulators. Both devices must have high EMC to avoid electromagnetic interference-induced health risks, even death during the treatment. Thus, it is important to understand how EMI can affect implantable devices and proactively protect devices from electromagnetic interference, providing reliable and safe implantable device therapy. To this end, this chapter comprehensively introduces the clinical issues and provides EMC requirements for the implantable device such as a cardiac pacemaker and vagus nerve stimulator. The significance of this chapter is to present the EMC important issues in medical engineering that can help to evolve reliable and secure implantable device development in the future.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic Compatibility Testing of Implantable Neurostimulators Exposed to Metal Detectors

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth J Seidman ◽  
Wolfgang Kainz ◽  
Jon Casamento ◽  
Donald Witters
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Implantable Neurostimulators ◽  
Metal Detectors ◽  
Summary Data ◽  
Setting Parameters

This paper presents results of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing of three implantable neurostimulators exposed to the magnetic fields emitted from several walk-through and hand-held metal detectors. The motivation behind this testing comes from numerous adverse event reports involving active implantable medical devices (AIMDs) and security systems that have been received by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). EMC testing was performed using three neurostimulators exposed to the emissions from 12 walk-through metal detectors (WTMDs) and 32 hand-held metal detectors (HHMDs). Emission measurements were performed on all HHMDs and WTMDs and summary data is presented. Results from the EMC testing indicate possible electromagnetic interference (EMI) between one of the neurostimulators and one WTMD and indicate that EMI between the three neurostimulators and HHMDs is unlikely. The results suggest that worst case situations for EMC testing are hard to predict and testing all major medical device modes and setting parameters are necessary to understand and characterize the EMC of AIMDs.

scholarly journals Self-rechargeable cardiac pacemaker system with triboelectric nanogenerators

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanjun Ryu ◽  
Hyun-moon Park ◽  
Moo-Kang Kim ◽  
Bosung Kim ◽  
Hyoun Seok Myoung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Cardiac Pacemaker ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
Energy Harvesters

AbstractSelf-powered implantable devices have the potential to extend device operation time inside the body and reduce the necessity for high-risk repeated surgery. Without the technological innovation of in vivo energy harvesters driven by biomechanical energy, energy harvesters are insufficient and inconvenient to power titanium-packaged implantable medical devices. Here, we report on a commercial coin battery-sized high-performance inertia-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (I-TENG) based on body motion and gravity. We demonstrate that the enclosed five-stacked I-TENG converts mechanical energy into electricity at 4.9 μW/cm3 (root-mean-square output). In a preclinical test, we show that the device successfully harvests energy using real-time output voltage data monitored via Bluetooth and demonstrate the ability to charge a lithium-ion battery. Furthermore, we successfully integrate a cardiac pacemaker with the I-TENG, and confirm the ventricle pacing and sensing operation mode of the self-rechargeable cardiac pacemaker system. This proof-of-concept device may lead to the development of new self-rechargeable implantable medical devices.

Self-inflicted vocal cord paralysis in two patients with vagus nerve stimulators

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 949-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Kalkanis ◽  
Priya Krishna ◽  
Jose A. Espinosa ◽  
Dean K. Naritoku
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Vocal Cord Paralysis ◽  
Cardiac Pacemakers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulator ◽  
Disabled Patients

✓ Vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of epilepsy is considered safe; reports of severe complications are rare. The authors report on two developmentally disabled patients who experienced vocal cord paralysis weeks after placement of a vagus nerve stimulator. In both cases, traction injury to the vagus nerve resulting in vocal cord paralysis was caused by rotation of the pulse generator at the subclavicular pocket by the patient. Traumatic vagus nerve injury caused by patients tampering with their device has never been reported and may be analogous to a similar phenomenon reported for cardiac pacemakers in the literature. As the use of vagus nerve stimulation becomes widespread it is important to consider the potential for this adverse event.

scholarly journals Medical rehabilitation approaches in patients with implanted pacemaker

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Bakhram G. Iskenderov ◽  
Marina G. Ivanchukova ◽  
Natalya V. Berenshtejn
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Cardiac Pacemaker ◽  
Cardiac Pacing ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Cardiac Pacemakers ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
External Electromagnetic Fields

In the following review article, the principles and approaches of medical rehabilitation in patients with implanted pacemakers are discussed. It was shown that total benefit results from cooperation among medical, physical and psychological components of rehabilitation program and optimisation of the mode and parameters of cardiac pacing. Social adaptation of the patients with implantable pacemakers is of paramount importance and should be directed on avoidance of external electromagnetic fields and their influence on pacemaker functions, which in turn may be life-threatening for patient and the staff as well. The indications to diagnostic and treatment regimens including physiotherapeutic procedures should be clearly defined in order to avoid potential influence of electromagnetic interference on cardiac pacemaker. The well-structured medical rehabilitation programs need to be organised in order to improve quality of life and patients survival with regard to growing tendency of implantation of cardiac pacemakers.

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