‘Alien’ Seamen in Liverpool

1999 ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Diane Frost
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
World War ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
High Unemployment ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

‘‘Alien’ Seamen in Liverpool’ describes the experience of Kru seafarers in UK ports, and compares the Liverpool seafaring experience against that of Freetown. The chapter presents the varying expectations of African seamen against those of white seamen, accompanied with a comparison of wage and treatment. Frost foregrounds the looming concern over the employment of foreign seamen in Liverpool, and describes how the decreased social conditions and high unemployment rates after the First World War contributed to the colonial black seamen’s sense of blame and position as a scapegoat.

Fluid Gender, Rigid Sexuality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Leng
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
First World War ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Revised gender roles, strained heterosexual relations, and ongoing biopolitical concerns regarding the “regeneration” of German populations followed the First World War. Simultaneously, sexology turned towards a greater consideration of the influence of social, cultural, and psychological factors on sexuality. Focusing on groundbreaking texts by Mathilde Vaerting and individual psychologist Sofie Lazarsfeld, this chapter demonstrates how the unique conditions of the 1920s enabled these women to make strikingly new and original contributions to sexology and especially to discussions of sexual difference. Specifically, these women separated sex as a conceptual unit into discreet categories of gender and sexuality and devoted greater attention to power as a factor shaping gender roles. However, both Vaerting and Lazarsfeld retreated to essentialism when it came to sexuality, raising important questions about the historical-social conditions in which gender and sexuality can become open to new forms of scrutiny and analysis.

Kemalism and Beyond

2015 ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Christopher Houston
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social History ◽  
First World War ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

Abstract: Despite the ceaseless efforts of what its supporters name the “Atatürk Cumhuriyeti” (Atatürk Republic), Kemalism is seen by many as a discredited ideology and an oppressive political practice. This chapter explores the social history of Kemalism since 1923 and the background to its now decades-long crisis of legitimacy. It compares the orthodox narrative concerning the Kemalist project with its various deconstructive accounts, many of which zero in on the years after the First World War and the 1920s and 1930s as foundational in present-day conflicts. These orthodox and heterodox histories, allied to the interests of different groups, do politics by another means. The chapter then traces how the power struggle over Kemalism’s futures is developing. Rather than pontificate about what the state or civil society should do, it concludes by drawing attention to emerging lineaments of change in existing civil society and social conditions.

Socio-political and confessional preconditions of the birth of the Ukrainian Evangelical-Reformed Church in Western Ukraine (20-30 years of the twentieth century)

2000 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
R. Soloviy
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
Religious Influences ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
First World

In the history of religious organizations of Western Ukraine in the 20-30th years of the XX century. The activity of such an early protestant denominational formation as the Ukrainian Evangelical-Reformed Church occupies a prominent position. Among UCRC researchers there are several approaches to the preconditions for the birth of the Ukrainian Calvinistic movement in Western Ukraine. In particular, O. Dombrovsky, studying the historical preconditions for the formation of the UREC in Western Ukraine, expressed the view that the formation of the Calvinist cell should be considered in the broad context of the Ukrainian national revival of the 19th and 20th centuries, a new assessment of the religious factor in public life proposed by the Ukrainian radical activists ( M. Drahomanov, I. Franko, M. Pavlik), and significant socio-political, national-cultural and spiritual shifts caused by the events of the First World War. Other researchers of Ukrainian Calvinism, who based their analysis on the confessional-polemical approach (I.Vlasovsky, M.Stepanovich), interpreted Protestantism in Ukraine as a product of Western cultural and religious influences, alien to Ukrainian spirituality and culture.

Ale na razie tu cisza” – fotografie sprzed katastrofy w wybranych zapisach literackich (Stefan Chwin, Ryszard Kapuściński, Wisława Szymborska)

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Magdalena Strąk
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
First World War ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

The work aims to show a peculiar perspective of looking at photographs taken on the eve of the broadly understood disaster, which is specified in a slightly different way in each of the literary texts (Stefan Chwin’s autobiographical novel Krótka historia pewnego żartu [The brief history of a certain joke], a poem by Ryszard Kapuściński Na wystawie „Fotografia chłopów polskich do 1944 r.” [At an exhibition “The Polish peasants in photographs to 1944”] and Wisława Szymborska’s Fotografia z 11 września [Photograph from September 11]) – as death in a concentration camp, a general concept of the First World War or a terrorist attack. Upcoming tragic events – of which the photographed people are not yet aware – become for the subsequent recipient an inseparable element of reality contained in the frame. For the later observers, privileged with time perspective, the characters captured in the photograph are already victims of the catastrophe, which in reality was not yet recorded by the camera. It is a work about coexistence of the past and future in the field of photography.

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