Narayanmurthy Renganayahi Ramesh
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Karuppiah Thirumurugan
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Deepak Chullickal Raphael
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Gidugu Ananda Ramadass
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Malayath Aravindakshan Atmanand
Abstract Polymetallic nodules found in the deep oceans are viewed as potential resources for meeting the world's demand of many metals in the near future. Polymetallic nodule mining systems require subsea crushing systems for reducing the size of nodules to facilitate energy-efficient
and safe pumping through risers of optimum size. Polymetallic nodules are friable, and deep-sea crushing has to be done with care to minimize the formation of fines, while obtaining the required size reduction. The crusher could also encounter objects with greater hardness during operation
like small rocks, splinters, long fish bones, and shark teeth. All components in the crusher should be capable of operating in the deep ocean environment, which is hyperbaric and sediment laden. The equipment should be compact with minimum weight. Reversal of direction and dumping arrangements
in the event of stalling are other essential design requirements. An underwater crusher capable of crushing mined nodules from a maximum size of 100 mm to a crushed size of 30 mm was developed using principles of design synthesis. The crusher was tested in land and integrated into a remotely
operated crawler-based underwater mining machine that could mine and pump nodules through a flexible riser. The system was tested using artificial nodules at 512-m water depth off the Malvan coast in the Arabian Sea. This paper describes developmental methodology, land-based performance tests,
and sea trials conducted on the developed crusher.