scholarly journals Runoff and Sediment from Row-crop, Row-crop with Grass Strips, Pasture, and Forest Watersheds

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjith P. Udawatta ◽  
Gray S. Henderson ◽  
John R. Jones ◽  
R. David Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Buffers ◽  
Filter Strips ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Sediment Mass ◽  
Sediment Loss ◽  
Forest Watersheds ◽  
Grass Filter Strips ◽  
Runoff Events ◽  
Buffer Condition

Abstract Comparisons of runoff and sediment loss from row-crop with and without riparian buffers, pasture and grass filter strips are limited. Effects of precipitation, landuse and buffer condition on runoff and sediment loss were examined from 1997 to 1999 in eight watersheds with varying proportions of row-crop, pasture, riparian buffers and grass filter strips. Runoff volume and sediment mass from row-crop watersheds were inversely related to the percentage of forest and pasture cover. Forest (n = 2), pasture (n = 3), row-crop (n = 2) and a row-crop watershed with grass filter strips (RC-GFS) had 3‑yr mean runoff of 939, 1,560, 3,434 and 1,175 m3 ha‑1 yr‑1, respectively. Runoff was greater from all landuses in a year when precipitation was 36% above normal (1998). The largest single runoff event from each watershed accounted for 11 to 25% of its total runoff. Forest, pasture, row-crop and RC-GFS watersheds lost 1,017, 1,241, 3,679 and 2,129 kg ha‑1 yr‑1 of sediment, respectively. In 1998, the RC-GFS watershed lost more sediment than row-crop watersheds and had less runoff and sediment loss in years with normal or below normal precipitation. Row-crop watersheds with 55% pasture reduced runoff and sediment loss by 55 and 66%, respectively, compared to row-crop watersheds. During 90% of the runoff events, more soil was lost from row-crop watersheds than pasture or forest watersheds. Results suggest that 3‑4 m grass filter strips, maintenance of 55% or more pasture/CRP land within row-crop watersheds and intact riparian buffers significantly reduce runoff and sediment losses from row-crop watersheds.

Hydrologic design aid for urban grass filter strips

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 4-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Osman Akan ◽  
Serter Atabay
Keyword(s):  
Filter Strips ◽  
Grass Filter Strips ◽  
Hydrologic Design

Sediment behaviour in grass filter strips

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Deletic
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Trapping Efficiency ◽  
Artificial Turf ◽  
Filter Strips ◽  
Natural Grass ◽  
Natural Turf ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Grass Filter Strips ◽  
The Relationship

Sediment transport was studied in non-submerged overland flow over grass in a laboratory. Artificial turf (astro-turf) was used to simulate natural grass and no infiltration was allowed at this stage of the investigation. Experiments were conducted for different grass densities, flow rates, sediments inflows, and sediment types. It was observed that concentration of sediment in runoff decreases exponentially with the distance and reaches asymptotically a constant value. Measured sediment deposition was compered with the results calculated by the Kentucky model (tollner et al., 1976). The model over-predicted grossly the trapping efficiency of all particle fractions, but it is unreliable particularly for small particles. A new simplified relationship was established between particle fall number, Nf, and percentage of particles trapped in the grass. The relationship should be verified on natural grass before it is used in practice. Finally, infiltration of water and particles should be studied on natural turf, as well as, influence of grass blades bending, before the complex model of sediment behaviour in grass is established.

Effect of Grass Filter Strips on PO4-P and Soil Loss in Runoff from Forage Cropland

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Nam-Chul Jo ◽  
Sei-Hyung Yoon ◽  
Ki-Young Kim ◽  
Ki-Won Lee ◽  
Meng-Jung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Filter Strips ◽  
Grass Filter Strips

scholarly journals Effect of Grass Filter Strips on NO3-N in Runoff from Forage Cropland

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Nam-Chul Jo ◽  
Won-Ho Kim ◽  
Sung Seo ◽  
Sei-Hyung Yoon ◽  
Ki-Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filter Strips ◽  
Grass Filter Strips

Influence of feedlot manure amendments on runoff hydrology and sediment loss during transition between continuous and legacy phases

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Miller ◽  
B.W. Beasley ◽  
M.L. Owen ◽  
C.F. Drury ◽  
D.S. Chanasyk
Keyword(s):  
Wood Chip ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Sediment Loss ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Runoff Depth ◽  
Manure Amendments ◽  
Mass Loads

Little research has been conducted on the effect of beef feedlot manure amendments on runoff hydrology and soil loss during the transition between continuous and legacy application phases. We conducted a 6 yr (2013–2018) study and utilized surface (0–5 cm) soil collected from a long-term (since 1998) field experiment on a clay loam soil in southern Alberta, Canada. The treatments were stockpiled or composted feedlot manure with straw (ST) or wood-chip (WD) bedding applied at 13, 39, and 77 Mg ha−1 (dry weight). There was also an unamended control and inorganic fertilized treatment (IN). Disturbed surface soil was collected from all treatments after 15 (C15), 16 (C16), and 17 (C17) continual annual applications (2013–2015), and then 1 (L1), 2 (L2), and 3 (L3) yr (2016–2018) after manure applications were discontinued in 2015. The soil was packed into runoff trays, and a Guelph rainfall simulator (70 mm h−1) was used to generate 30 min of runoff. The time to runoff, total runoff depth, and flow-weighted mean concentrations (FWMCs) and mass loads of total suspended solids (TSS) were determined. Mean values of runoff variables were significantly greater for ST than WD in certain years for time to runoff (by 28%–127%), runoff depth (44%), TSS FWMCs (58%–137%), and FWMC loads (28%–230%). Mean TSS was generally significantly greater at the two lower than highest manure rates for FWMC (48%–135%) and loads (21%–253%). Overall, choice of bedding material showed the most potential to maximize infiltration and reduce water and sediment loss.

SEDIMENT AND NITROGEN TRANSPORT IN GRASS FILTER STRIPS

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Mendez ◽  
Theo A. Dillaha ◽  
Saied Mostaghimi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Transport ◽  
Filter Strips ◽  
Grass Filter Strips

Stream temperature responses to partial-harvest logging in riparian buffers of boreal mixedwood forest watersheds

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Kreutzweiser ◽  
Scott S. Capell ◽  
Stephen B. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Riparian Buffers ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Partial Harvest ◽  
Forest Watersheds ◽  
Boreal Mixedwood Forest ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Forest Streams ◽  
Temperature Responses

As part of a larger study to examine the operational feasibility, ecological benefits, and environmental impacts of partial-harvest logging in riparian buffers along boreal mixedwood forest streams, we determined the effects on summer stream temperatures. Three logged study reaches were compared with three reference reaches over two prelogging and two postlogging summers. Partial-harvest logging resulted in an average removal of 10%, 20%, and 28% of the basal area from riparian buffers at the three logged sites. At the two more intensively logged sites, there were small (<10%) reductions in canopy cover (P = 0.024) and no significant changes in light at stream surfaces (P > 0.18). There were no measurable impacts on stream temperatures at two of the three logged sites. At the most intensively logged site, daily maximum temperatures were significantly higher (∼4 °C) for about 6 weeks in the first summer after logging than in prelogging years or at the reference sites (P < 0.001). Temperature increases were attributed to a logging-induced temporary disruption of cool water inputs from ground disturbance in a lateral-input seep area. Our results indicate that partial-harvest logging in riparian buffers of boreal mixedwood forest streams can sustain effective canopy cover and mitigate logging-induced water temperature increases.

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