Peer Review #2 of "Long-term study of behaviors of two cohabiting sea urchin species, Mesocentrotus nudus and Strongylocentrotus intermedius, under conditions of high food quantity and predation risk in situ (v0.1)"

We present a long-term study of use of the Messaging Kettle, an Internet of Things (IOT) research prototype that augments an everyday kettle with both sensing and messaging capability and a beautiful light display in order to investigate connecting geographically distant loved ones to their family through the routine of boiling the kettle. Connection at a distance has been of sustained interest to the CHI community, and the social connection of older people is of increasing importance in recognition of ageing populations globally. However, very few novel designs in this domain have been investigated in situ or over the long term to examine whether their use sustains, and if so, how they impact communication in a relationship. The Messaging Kettle was trialled with four pairs of dispersed older mothers and adult daughters over timeframes that lasted between two months to more than two years. We observed the phenomenon of collaborative habituation wherein each party creatively made the technology work for them both through a combination of the gradual transformation of their everyday practices, arrangements, and living. Through developing these joint practices over time, participants expressed feelings of everyday togetherness that nurture their relationship at a distance. Three of the four couples continued to use the prototype for years, beyond the initial trial. We reflect on the artful integration of features of the Messaging Kettle and the way in which these features supported collaborative habituation . We also reflect on lessons and implications for the design of such relational technologies.

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Thermally induced movements in ice-wedge polygons, western arctic coast: a long-term study

Géographie physique et Quaternaire ◽

10.7202/004846ar ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 41-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

J. Ross MacKay

Keyword(s):

Active Layer ◽

Term Study ◽

Thermally Induced ◽

Seasonal Movements ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Ice Wedge ◽

Western Arctic ◽

Arctic Coast

AbstractThermally induced seasonal movements of the active layer and subjacent permafrost have been measured in numerous ice-wedge polygons that have varied in age, type, crack frequency, and topographic location. The field observations show that, in winter, thermal contraction, which is inward, is constrained or vanishes at the polygon centres but, in summer, thermal expansion, which is outward, is unconstrained at the ice-wedge troughs. Therefore, there tends to be a small net summer transport of the active layer, to varying depths, into the ice-wedge troughs. The movement has been observed in all polygons studied. The slow net transport of material into the ice-wedge troughs has implications for: permafrost aggradation and the growth of syngenetic wedges in some troughs; the palaeoclimatic reconstruction of some ice- wedge casts; and the interpretation of polygon stratigraphy based upon the assumption that the polygon material has accumulatedin situ.

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Long term study of the effectiveness of in-situ chemical source clean with XeF[sub 2] on ion implanter

10.1063/1.4766563 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Dieter Fuchs ◽

Klaus Kerkel ◽

Josef Vogl ◽

Michael Dorozynskyj

Keyword(s):

Term Study ◽

Long Term Study

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Corneal ectasia after myopic laser in situ keratomileusis: a long-term study

Clinical Ophthalmology ◽

10.2147/opth.s37249 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 1801 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Leopoldo Spadea ◽

Cantera ◽

Cortes ◽

Evangelista Conocchia ◽

Stewart

Keyword(s):

Laser In Situ Keratomileusis ◽

Term Study ◽

Corneal Ectasia ◽

Long Term Study

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Mesophilic Fermentation of Renewable Biomass: Does Hydraulic Retention Time Regulate Methanogen Diversity?

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00927-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 76 (18) ◽

pp. 6322-6326 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Niclas Krakat ◽

Stefan Schmidt ◽

Paul Scherer

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Retention Time ◽

Hydraulic Retention Time ◽

Restriction Analysis ◽

Term Study ◽

Renewable Biomass ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Gene Restriction

ABSTRACT The present long-term study (about 1,100 days) monitored the diversity of methanogens during the mesophilic, anaerobic digestion of beet silage. Six fermentor samples were analyzed by ribosomal RNA gene restriction analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and fluorescence microscopy. Hydrogenotrophic methanogens dominated within the population in all samples analyzed. Multidimensional scaling revealed that a rapid decrease in hydraulic retention time resulted in increased species richness, which in turn led to slightly higher CH4 yields.

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The Medieval Town of Óbidos (Portugal): Restoration, Reutilisation and Tourism Challenges from 1934 to the Present Day

Heritage ◽

10.3390/heritage4040161 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 2876-2902

Author(s):

Clara Moura Soares ◽

Maria João Neto

Keyword(s):

In Situ Observation ◽

Term Study ◽

Long Term Study ◽

History Of ◽

Historic Centre ◽

The Common ◽

Artistic Heritage ◽

The Town

Heritage conservation and cultural tourism are central features of academic debates, as this relationship has not been always peaceful. This paper seeks to evaluate the correlation between the extensive conservation and restoration of the wall and castle of the medieval town of Óbidos (1930–1950) and the tourism-oriented projects developed since this period. Due to the criticism of several previous studies, one of the primary aims of this research was to assess whether this Portuguese town constitutes a good example of medieval reconstitution, or if it is a fanciful twentieth-century intervention. Another main goal was to establish our position regarding the challenges inherent to the management of this historic centre, especially those concerning current tourism challenges and the preservation of and regard for historical buildings and monuments. By means of a long-term study based on the common history of art methodology (cross-analysis of bibliography, archival research, in situ observation of the heritage and attendance of festivals and events), we were able to make the following contributions to advance the debate: although the earlier interventions in Óbidos abided by strict criteria which merited international praise, the management model of the town as a tourist destination over the last two decades calls for a revaluation, placing greater importance on history, historic and artistic heritage and the identity of the location.

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Quantitative study of the behavior of two broadcast spawners, the sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius and Mesocentrotus nudus, during mass spawning events in situ

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11058

Author(s):

Peter M. Zhadan ◽

Marina A. Vaschenko ◽

Peter A. Permyakov

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Success ◽

Sea Urchin ◽

Sea Urchins ◽

Total Duration ◽

Strongylocentrotus Intermedius ◽

Mass Spawning ◽

Behavioral Adaptations ◽

Males And Females ◽

Mesocentrotus Nudus

Background The spatial distribution of spawners and temporal parameters of spawning in motile invertebrates with external fertilization might influence reproductive success. However, to date, data on the prespawning and spawning behaviors of broadcast spawners in the field have been scarce and mostly qualitative. The present study was intended to clarify the behavioral adaptations of two sea urchin species, Strongylocentrotus intermedius and Mesocentrotus nudus, using quantitative analysis of their behavior during mass spawning events under natural conditions. Methods We analyzed in situ video recordings of sea urchin behavior obtained during six spawning seasons (2014–2019). The total number of specimens of each sea urchin species and the numbers of spawning males and females were counted. Quantitative parameters of sea urchin spawning (numbers of gamete batches, release duration of one gamete batch, time intervals between gamete batches and total duration of spawning) and movement (step length of spawners and nonspawners before and during spawning and changes in distances between males/nonspawners and females) were determined. Results For each species, 12 mass spawning events were recorded in which 10 or more individuals participated. The temporal dynamics of the numbers of males and females participating in mass spawning were well synchronized in both species; however, males began to spawn earlier and ended their spawning later than females. In both species, the most significant intersex difference was the longer spawning duration in males due to the longer pause between gamete batches. The total duration of gamete release did not differ significantly between sexes. The average duration of sperm release during mass spawning events was longer than solitary male spawning. Males and females showed significant increases in the locomotion rate 35 min before the start of spawning and continued to actively move during spawning. An increase in movement rate before spawning in males and females was induced by environmental factor(s). Nonspawners of both species showed increased locomotion activity but in the presence of spawning neighbors and less prominently than spawners. On a vertical surface, both echinoids moved strictly upward. On flat surfaces, males, females and nonspawners of both echinoids became closer during spawning. Discussion We showed that two sea urchin species with planktotrophic larvae display similar behavioral adaptations aimed at enhancing reproductive success. The high sensitivity of sea urchins, primarily males, to some environmental factors, most likely phytoplankton, may be considered a large-scale adaptation promoting the development of mass spawning events. The longer spawning duration in males and increased movement activity before and during spawning in both sexes may be considered small-scale adaptations promoting approach of males and females and enhancing the chances of egg fertilization.

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