scholarly journals The speciation of Australopithecus and Paranthropus was caused by introgression from the Gorilla lineage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Nygren
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Great Toe ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Large Deposits

The discovery of Paranthropus deyiremeda in 3.3–3.5 million year old fossil sites in Afar (Haile-Selassie, 2015), together with 30% of the gorilla genome showing lineage sorting between humans and chimpanzees (Scally, 2012), and a NUMT (“nuclear mitochondrial DNA segment”) that is shared by both gorillas, humans and chimpanzees, and that dates back to 6 million years ago (Popadin, 2017), is conclusive evidence that introgression from the gorilla lineage caused the speciation of both the Australopithecus lineage and the Paranthropus lineage, providing a lens into the gorilla-like features within Paranthropus, as well as traits within Homo that originate from the gorilla branch, such as a high opposable thumb index (Almécija, 2015), an adducted great toe (Tocheri, 2011; McHenry, 2006), and large deposits of subcutaneous fat.

scholarly journals The speciation of Australopithecus and Paranthropus was caused by introgression from the Gorilla lineage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Nygren
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Great Toe ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Large Deposits

The discovery of Paranthropus deyiremeda in 3.3–3.5 million year old fossil sites in Afar (Haile-Selassie, 2015), together with 30% of the gorilla genome showing lineage sorting between humans and chimpanzees (Scally, 2012), and a NUMT (“nuclear mitochondrial DNA segment”) that is shared by both gorillas, humans and chimpanzees, and that dates back to 6 million years ago (Popadin, 2017), is conclusive evidence that introgression from the gorilla lineage caused the speciation of both the Australopithecus lineage and the Paranthropus lineage, providing a lens into the gorilla-like features within Paranthropus, as well as traits within Homo that originate from the gorilla branch, such as a high opposable thumb index (Almécija, 2015), an adducted great toe (Tocheri, 2011; McHenry, 2006), and large deposits of subcutaneous fat.

scholarly journals The speciation of Australopithecus and Paranthropus was caused by introgression from the Gorilla lineage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Nygren
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Great Toe ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Large Deposits

The discovery of Paranthropus deyiremeda in 3.3–3.5 million year old fossil sites in Afar (Haile-Selassie, 2015), together with 30% of the gorilla genome showing lineage sorting between humans and chimpanzees (Scally, 2012), and a NUMT (“nuclear mitochondrial DNA segment”) that is shared by both gorillas, humans and chimpanzees, and that dates back to 6 million years ago (Popadin, 2017), is conclusive evidence that introgression from the gorilla lineage caused the speciation of both the Australopithecus lineage and the Paranthropus lineage, providing a lens into the gorilla-like features within Paranthropus, as well as traits within Homo that originate from the gorilla branch, such as a high opposable thumb index (Almécija, 2015), an adducted great toe (Tocheri, 2011; McHenry, 2006), and large deposits of subcutaneous fat.

scholarly journals The speciation of Australopithecus and Paranthropus was caused by introgression from the Gorilla lineage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Nygren
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Great Toe ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Large Deposits

The discovery of Paranthropus deyiremeda in 3.3–3.5 million year old fossil sites in Afar (Haile-Selassie, 2015), together with 30% of the gorilla genome showing lineage sorting between humans and chimpanzees (Scally, 2012), and a NUMT (“nuclear mitochondrial DNA segment”) that is shared by both gorillas, humans and chimpanzees, and that dates back to 6 million years ago (Popadin, 2017), is conclusive evidence that introgression from the gorilla lineage caused the speciation of both the Australopithecus lineage and the Paranthropus lineage, providing a lens into the gorilla-like features within Paranthropus, as well as traits within Homo that originate from the gorilla branch, such as a high opposable thumb index (Almécija, 2015), an adducted great toe (Tocheri, 2011; McHenry, 2006), and large deposits of subcutaneous fat.

The speciation of Australopithecus and Paranthropus was caused by introgression from the Gorilla lineage (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Nygren
Keyword(s):  
Double Helix ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Great Toe ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Afar Region ◽  
The Common ◽  
Large Deposits

BACKGROUND ABSTRACT: The discovery of Paranthropus deyiremeda in 3.3–3.5 million year old fossil sites in Afar (Haile-Selassie, 2015), together with 30% of the gorilla genome showing lineage sorting between humans and chimpanzees (Scally, 2012), and a NUMT (“nuclear mitochondrial DNA segment”) that is shared by both gorillas, humans and chimpanzees, and that dates back to 6 million years ago (Popadin, 2017), is conclusive evidence that introgression from the gorilla lineage caused the speciation of both the Australopithecus lineage and the Paranthropus lineage, providing a lens into the gorilla-like features within Paranthropus, as well as traits within Homo that originate from the gorilla branch, such as a high opposable thumb index (Almécija, 2015), an adducted great toe (Tocheri, 2011; McHenry, 2006), and large deposits of subcutaneous fat. OBJECTIVE The origin of our species has increasingly been discovered over the past century, through Darwin to the discovery of DNA and the double-helix, to Lucy and fossils of Australopithecines that originate from the Afar region in Ethiopia from the Pliocene. The genetic data from Scally in 2012, and Popadin in 2017, now provides conclusive evidence for how Paranthropus and Australopithecus, as two separate lineages, both speciated as a result of introgression from the gorilla lineage (Fig. 1). That introgression fills in the "missing link" and shows how the origin of our species is not one single continuous lineage, but the hybridization of both the gorilla lineage and the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees, an event that occurred in the late Miocene. METHODS References RESULTS The reason 15% of your genome is closer to gorilla than to chimpanzee (Scally, 2012), is because there was introgression. That even can be dated to 6 million years ago, from a NUMT on chromosome 5, that had diverged as much as 4.5 million years at the time it was transferred to Gorilla, Pan and Homo, so since the Gorilla/Pan-Homo split around 11 million years ago. That introgression caused the speciation of both Australopithecus and Paranthropus. CONCLUSIONS The speciation of Australopithecus and Paranthropus was caused by introgression from the Gorilla lineage

scholarly journals Hominin evolution was caused by introgression from Gorilla

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Nygren
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Chromosome 5 ◽  
Hominin Evolution

ABSTRACT: The discovery of Paranthropus deyiremeda in 3.3–3.5 million year old fossil sites in Afar, together with 30% of the gorilla genome showing lineage sorting between humans and chimpanzees, and a NUMT (“nuclear mitochondrial DNA segment”) on chromosome 5 that is shared by both gorillas, humans and chimpanzees, and shown to have diverged at the time of the Pan-Homo split rather than the Gorilla/Pan-Homo split, provides conclusive evidence that introgression from the gorilla lineage caused the Pan-Homo split, and the speciation of both the Australopithecus lineage and the Paranthropus lineage.

scholarly journals Hominin evolution was caused by introgression from Gorilla

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Nygren
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Chromosome 5 ◽  
Hominin Evolution

ABSTRACT: The discovery of Paranthropus deyiremeda in 3.3–3.5 million year old fossil sites in Afar, together with 30% of the gorilla genome showing lineage sorting between humans and chimpanzees, and a NUMT (“nuclear mitochondrial DNA segment”) on chromosome 5 that is shared by both gorillas, humans and chimpanzees, and shown to have diverged at the time of the Pan-Homo split rather than the Gorilla/Pan-Homo split, provides conclusive evidence that introgression from the gorilla lineage caused the Pan-Homo split, and the speciation of both the Australopithecus lineage and the Paranthropus lineage.

scholarly journals Gene flow from the gorilla lineage in the Late Miocene as the "missing link"

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Nygren
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Pseudo Gene ◽  
The Common

ABSTRACT: The "missing link" as a concept comes from that there is no continuous evolutionary model for the origin of the human species. There is now conclusive evidence that the speciation of the Homo lineage was caused by the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees interbreeding with the gorilla lineage around 6 million years ago, an event that also led to the speciation of the Paranthropus lineage. The hybridization of two separate lineages explains the absence of a single continuous lineage. Evidence for an interbreeding event in the Late Miocene can be seen as introgression of around 30% of the gorilla genome into the Pan - Homo clade, with lineage sorting between Pan and Homo where 15% of the gorilla genome is closer to humans, and another 15% being closer to the chimpanzee lineage. (Scally, 2012) The interbreeding event can also be read in the genomes of both Gorilla , Pan and Homo as fragments of mitochondrial DNA that during the event 6 million years ago was inserted into the genome as a NUMT ("nuclear mitochondrial DNA segment"), a pseudo-gene, that originates from the gorilla lineage (Popadin, 2017) and has been transferred to all three lineages.

scholarly journals Cytonuclear discordance in the crowned-sparrows, Zonotrichia atricapilla and Zonotrichia leucophrys: a mitochondrial selective sweep?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Taylor ◽  
Ashley C. Bramwell ◽  
Rute Clemente-Carvalho ◽  
Nicholas A. Cairns ◽  
Frances Bonier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Incomplete Lineage Sorting ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Gene Trees ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Reciprocal Monophyly ◽  
Mitochondrial Introgression

ABSTRACTThe golden-crowned (Zonotrichia atricapilla) and white-crowned (Z. leucophrys) sparrows have been presented as a compelling case for rapid speciation. They display divergence in song and plumage with overlap in their breeding ranges implying reproductive isolation, but have almost identical mitochondrial genomes. Previous research proposed hybridization and subsequent mitochondrial introgression as an alternate explanation, but lacked robust nuclear gene trees to distinguish between introgression and incomplete lineage sorting. We test for signatures of these processes between Z. atricapilla and Z. leucophrys, and investigate the relationships among Z. leucophrys subspecies, using mitochondrial sequencing and a reduced representation nuclear genomic dataset. Contrary to the paraphyly evident in mitochondrial gene trees, we confirmed the reciprocal monophyly of Z. atricapilla and Z. leucophrys using large panels of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). The pattern of cytonuclear discordance is consistent with limited, historical hybridization and mitochondrial introgression, rather than a recent origin and incomplete lineage sorting between recent sister species. We found evidence of nuclear phylogeographic structure within Z. leucophrys with two distinct clades. Altogether, our results support the true species status of Z. atricapilla and Z. leucophrys, and indicate deeper divergences between the two species than inferred using mitochondrial markers. Our results demonstrate the limitations of relying solely on mitochondrial DNA for taxonomy, and raise questions about the possibility of selection on the mitochondrial genome during temperature oscillations (e.g. during the Pleistocene). Historical mitochondrial introgression facilitated by past environmental changes could cause erroneous dating of lineage splitting in other taxa when based on mitochondrial DNA alone.

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