К вопросу о рудных формациях благородных и цветных металлов Омолонского террейна (Cеверо-Восток Азии)

The author characterizes gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc deposits developed within the Omolon craton terrane. Outlined are ore formations (genetic types) including the deposits. The principal features of the terrane metallogeny terrane are shown as determined by the stable structure of the crystalline basement, consolidated in Early Precambrian, which resulted in contraction of the range of mineralization genetic types and in formation of deep ore- and magma-controlling faults and large deposits.

Havana Tradition Platform Pipe Production and Disposition: Implications for Interpreting Regional Variation in Midwestern Hopewell Ceremonialism

This study documents the contexts of platform pipe creation, distribution, and disposition at Illinois Havana Hopewell Tradition (50 BC to AD 200–250) sites to identify regional variation in Hopewell ceremonialism and exchange. We observe that the large deposits of stone pipes buried during communal rituals in the Scioto Valley and the continued influence of the Hopewell Sphere of Interaction have skewed archaeological interpretation. Aside from the several large deposits, pipes are limited in the Scioto Tradition and seldom found in habitation areas. In Illinois, pipe fabrication debris commonly occurs in habitation areas along with numerous examples of pipe repair and maintenance. Local pipestones—often from northern Illinois Sterling deposits—predominate, and exotic imported pipestones are unusual. Pipes are rare inclusions with individual burials as indicators of status, spiritual prowess, achievement, or group membership. The high value placed on pipes as communal sacra in Ohio and their value in Illinois as items of personal influence parallels their common occurrence in Illinois and their unique context in Ohio Hopewell. This study of the contexts of pipe manufacture and deposition reinforces current discussions of such artifact assemblages as important in documenting local variations in political, social, and religious mortuary ceremonialism across the “Hopewellian sphere.”

Identification of Physical and Mineralogical Properties of Riverbank Material at Sand Mining Landslide Sites of Kali Putih River, Blitar

Kali Putih River is a river that is often affected by the eruption of Mount Kelud. The resulting large deposits of volcanic sand materials cause exploitation through uncontrolled sand mines. This will have an impact on potential hazards caused by environmental damage; for example, there have been several cases of riverbank landslides. Based on previous studies, it is important to study the identification of physical characteristics and mineralogy of riverbank materials through laboratory testing. The Gs value was found to be within 2.650-2.697, which can be classified as gravel or sand. According to the AASHTO standard, the classification is coarse-grained soil. By USCS classification, all samples were determined as well-graded sand. Based on the JGS standard, these samples can be classified as Volcanic Soil (VS) and Volcanic Sand (SV). SEM results showed that the grain samples had low sphericity with angular to sub-angular and a bladed-oblate granular form. From X-RD analysis, the mineral composition of samples was dominated by anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8) and albite (Na(AlSi3O8)). Associated with Bowen's Reaction, these compounds are common in young materials when the weathering process is still progressing.

Cratons Mark the Spot for Mineral Bonanzas

A new map of the thickness of Earth’s lithosphere contains clues to large deposits of key metals.

The impact of innovation on the polarization of the region's territorial structure

Subject. This article examines the issues of asymmetrical development of the areas. Objectives. The article aims to study the impact of innovation-driven development on polarization processes in the region. Methods. For the study, we used a comparative analysis. Results. The article justifies the need to form an effective regional innovation policy aimed at reducing the spatial unevenness of the areas. Conclusions. Since many regions of Russia do not have large deposits of actively developed minerals, the innovation factor can become a driver of regional development. The formation of a regional innovation system will contribute to a more balanced development of the territorial structure.

The Model of Management of the Masela Block Based on People's Welfare in Maluku

<p>This research is motivated by the wealth of Indonesia, which has a fertile layer of land and there are very large deposits of minerals, oil and gas, this potential should ideally be managed for the welfare of the people. This research was aimed at explaining and analyzing the failure of mining management in Indonesia and the management model of the Masela Block based on the people's welfare in Maluku. This study uses normative legal research methods with data sources in the form of primary and secondary legal materials. The results showed that the discovery of the Masela Block gave the local government an opportunity to actively participate in mining management and that the oil and gas rich Masela Block to be exploited was a golden opportunity for the Maluku local government to actively participate in the oil and gas mining sector in an effort to improve people's welfare.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Mining; Masela Block; Maluku.</p><p align="center"> </p>

ON THE METHOD OF EXPLORATION OF OIL AND GAS DEPOSITS IN THE SUBSALT SEDIMENTS OF THE CASPIAN DEPRESSION

The Caspian Basin is a unique geological object, the most notable features of which are the anomalously large thickness of the sedimentary cover and its enormous hydrocarbon potential. It is generally known that the main reserves in the identified fields and the prospects for discovering new large deposits of oil, gas and gas condensate here are associated with a subsalt complex of terrigenous and carbonate strata, submerged in the central part of the basin to depths of over 10 km. To date, this complex has been most studied in the edges of the depression at depths of 4-5 km. Confident forecasting of oil prospecting operations for deeper-lying objects is constrained by low researched of their structural, lithological, thermobaric and other parameters. In the debate about these very complex problems, one rarely recalls such a simple and at the same time crucial fact as direct signs of oil and gas potential. Indeed, every year we receive more and more new data on the “breathing of resources”, on the hydrocarbons migration from subsalt sediments into post-salt reservoirs, but we do not give them due attention. The article provides convincing, in the author's opinion, examples of the formation of post-salt deposits on salt domes due to the vertical migration of hydrocarbons. Taking this process into account, recommendations were made both НЕФТЬ И ГАЗ 2020 6 (120) 21 ГЕОЛОГИЯ on the general method of oil prospecting in subsalt deposits, and specific proposals for the search for subsalt and post-salt deposits of oil and gas.

The geochemical riddle of Mediterranean low-salinity gypsum deposits

&lt;p&gt;Large deposits of gypsum accumulated in the marginal basins of the Mediterranean Sea during the Messinian Salinity Crisis. These form the marginal portions of the Mediterranean Salt Giant (MSG) that also occupies the deep, central Mediterranean basins. Although the marine, evaporitic origin of the MSG is undisputed, the analysis of gypsum fluid inclusions and of gypsum-bound water (d&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;H2O&lt;/sub&gt; and dD&lt;sub&gt;H2O&lt;/sub&gt;) suggest that marginal basin gypsum formed from low- to moderate-salinity water masses (5 - 60 &amp;#8240;), rather than from high-salinity brines (130 - 320 &amp;#8240;), as expected during the evaporation of seawater. &amp;#160;The formation of low-salinity gypsum poses a fundamental geochemical problem: how can gypsum saturation conditions be met in marginal basins if evaporation does not concentrate marine water to high salinity? In other words, can gypsum saturation be attained by adding Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; and/or SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2-&lt;/sup&gt; ions rather than by extracting water? We are exploring two geochemical scenarios to explain this phenomenon: (1) the addition of Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; and SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2-&lt;/sup&gt; to marginal basins by continental runoff, and (2) the non-steady state addition of SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2-&lt;/sup&gt; to marginal basins via the biogeochemical oxidation of reduced sulfur. Both scenarios may lead - at least theoretically - to the decoupling of saturation state from salinity that is suggested by gypsum geochemical signatures.&lt;/p&gt;

Porosity-Driven Approaches to Model Fouling Effects on Flow Field

Air contamination by solid particles represents a real hazard for compressors for both heavy-duty and aeropropulsion gas turbines. Particles impacting the inner surfaces of the machine can stick to such surfaces or erode them. The presence of deposits entails a reduction in performance, in a phenomenon commonly referred to as fouling. As the severity of the problem increases, the performance reduction can become so big to demand engine shut down and offline washing. Numerical modeling is one of the techniques employed for tackling the fouling problem. In this work, an innovative procedure is proposed to evaluate the losses and the variation in the fluid flow due to the deposits. Specifically, as the deposit grows, it is assumed that it forms a porous medium attached to the wall. The porosity of this zone (related to the packing of the particles and to the number of particles that sticks to that portion of the wall) is responsible for the deposition-induced losses. Different approaches to compute such losses are proposed and discussed. By using this methodology, the two main effects of fouling (variation in roughness and in shape of the airfoil) can be easily included in a comprehensive analysis of the variation of the performance of the compressor over time. Furthermore, this approach overcomes the difficulties that may arise by using a mesh morphing technique. The computational grid is not modified, and thus, its quality is retained, without remeshing requirements, even for large deposits.