scholarly journals Seven myths on crowding

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Strasburger
Keyword(s):  
Vision Research ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Temporal Asymmetry ◽  
Crowding Distance ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
The One

Crowding research has become a hotbed of vision research and some fundamentals are now widely agreed upon. It is highly likely that you would agree with the following statements. 1) Bouma’s Law can be sensibly stated as saying that ‘critical distance for crowding is about half the target’s eccentricity’. 2) Crowding is a peripheral phenomenon. 3) Crowding increases drastically and steadily with eccentricity (as does the minimal angle of resolution, MAR). 4) Crowding asymmetry: For the nasal-temporal asymmetry of crowding, Bouma’s (1970) paper is the one to cite. 5) The more peripheral flanker is the more important in crowding. 6) Critical crowding distance corresponds to a constant cortical distance in primary visual areas like V1. 7) Except for Bouma (1970), serious crowding research pretty much started in the 2000s. I propose the answer is ‘no!’ to most all of these questions. So should we care? I think we should, before we write the textbooks for the next generation.

scholarly journals Seven myths on crowding

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Strasburger
Keyword(s):  
Vision Research ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Temporal Asymmetry ◽  
Crowding Distance ◽  
The One

Crowding research has become a hotbed of vision research and some fundamentals are now widely agreed upon. You would agree with the following statements – wouldn’t you? 1) Bouma’s Law can be sensibly stated as saying that ‘critical distance for crowding is about half the target’s eccentricity’. 2) Crowding is a peripheral phenomenon. 3) Crowding increases drastically with eccentricity (as does the minimal angle of resolution, MAR). 4) Crowding asymmetry: For the nasal-temporal asymmetry of crowding, Bouma’s (1970) paper is the one to cite. 5) The more peripheral flanker is the more important one in crowding. 6) Critical crowding distance corresponds to a constant cortical distance in V1. 7) Except for Bouma (1970), serious crowding research pretty much started in the noughties. I propose the answer is ‘no!’ to all these questions. So should we care? I think we should, before we write the textbooks for the next generation.

scholarly journals Seven myths on crowding

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Strasburger
Keyword(s):  
Vision Research ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Temporal Asymmetry ◽  
Crowding Distance ◽  
The One

Crowding research has become a hotbed of vision research and some fundamentals are now widely agreed upon. You would agree with the following statements – wouldn’t you? 1) Bouma’s Law can be sensibly stated as saying that ‘critical distance for crowding is about half the target’s eccentricity’. 2) Crowding is a peripheral phenomenon. 3) Crowding increases drastically with eccentricity (as does the minimal angle of resolution, MAR). 4) Crowding asymmetry: For the nasal-temporal asymmetry of crowding, Bouma’s (1970) paper is the one to cite. 5) The more peripheral flanker is the more important one in crowding. 6) Critical crowding distance corresponds to a constant cortical distance in V1. 7) Except for Bouma (1970), serious crowding research pretty much started in the noughties. I propose the answer is ‘no!’ to all these questions. So should we care? I think we should, before we write the textbooks for the next generation.

scholarly journals Seven Myths on Crowding and Peripheral Vision

i-Perception ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 204166952091305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Strasburger
Keyword(s):  
Vision Research ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Crowding Distance ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Seminal Article

Crowding has become a hot topic in vision research, and some fundamentals are now widely agreed upon. For the classical crowding task, one would likely agree with the following statements. (1) Bouma’s law can be stated, succinctly and unequivocally, as saying that critical distance for crowding is about half the target’s eccentricity. (2) Crowding is predominantly a peripheral phenomenon. (3) Peripheral vision extends to at most 90° eccentricity. (4) Resolution threshold (the minimal angle of resolution) increases strongly and linearly with eccentricity. Crowding increases at an even steeper rate. (5) Crowding is asymmetric as Bouma has shown. For that inner-outer asymmetry, the peripheral flanker has more effect. (6) Critical crowding distance corresponds to a constant cortical distance in primary visual areas like V1. (7) Except for Bouma’s seminal article in 1970, crowding research mostly became prominent starting in the 2000s. I propose the answer is “not really” or “not quite” to these assertions. So should we care? I think we should, before we write the textbook chapters for the next generation.

scholarly journals Seven myths on crowding and peripheral vision

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Strasburger
Keyword(s):  
Vision Research ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Seminal Paper ◽  
Crowding Distance ◽  
Visual Areas

Crowding has become a hot topic in vision research and some fundamentals are now widely agreed upon. For the classical crowding task, one would likely agree with the following statements. (1) Bouma’s law can, succinctly and unequivocally, be stated as saying that critical distance for crowding is about half the target’s eccentricity. (2) Crowding is predominantly a peripheral phenomenon. (3) Peripheral vision extends to at most 90° eccentricity. (4) Resolution threshold (the minimal angle of resolution, MAR) increases strongly and linearly with eccentricity. Crowding increases at an even steeper rate. (5) Crowding is asymmetric as Bouma has shown. For that inner-outer asymmetry, the peripheral flanker has more effect. (6) Critical crowding distance corresponds to a constant cortical distance in primary visual areas like V1. (7) Except for Bouma’s seminal paper in 1970, crowding research mostly became prominent starting in the 2000s. I propose the answer is ‘not really’ or ‘not quite’ to these assertions. So should we care? I think we should, before we write the textbook chapters for the next generation.

scholarly journals Seven myths on crowding

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Strasburger
Keyword(s):  
Vision Research ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Crowding Distance ◽  
Visual Areas

Crowding has become a hot topic in vision research and some fundamentals are now widely agreed upon. For the classical crowding task one would likely agree with the following statements. (1) Bouma’s law can be succinctly stated as saying that critical distance for crowding is about half the target’s eccentricity. (2) Crowding is predominantly a peripheral phenomenon. (3) Peripheral vision extends to at most 90° eccentricity. (4) Crowding increases strongly and linearly with eccentricity (as does the minimal angle of resolution, MAR). (5) Crowding is asymmetric as Bouma (1970) has shown. For that inner-outer asymmetry, the peripheral flanker has more effect. (6) Critical crowding distance corresponds to a constant cortical distance in primary visual areas like V1. (7) Except for Bouma’s (1970) paper, crowding research mostly started in the 2000s. I propose the answer is ‘not really’ to these assertions. So should we care? I think we should, before we write the textbooks for the next generation.

scholarly journals Seven myths on crowding

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Strasburger
Keyword(s):  
Vision Research ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Crowding Distance ◽  
Visual Areas

Crowding has become a hot topic in vision research and some fundamentals are now widely agreed upon. For the classical crowding task one would likely agree with the following statements. (1) Bouma’s law can be sensibly stated as saying that ‘critical distance for crowding is about half the target’s eccentricity’. (2) Crowding is predominantly a peripheral phenomenon. (3) Crowding increases strongly and steadily with eccentricity (as does the minimal angle of resolution, MAR). (4) Crowding is asymmetric as Bouma (1970) has shown. (5) For the inward-outward asymmetry the more peripheral flanker is the more important one. (6) Critical crowding distance corresponds to a constant cortical distance in primary visual areas like V1. (7) Except for Bouma (1970), crowding research mostly started in the 2000s. I propose the answer is ‘no!’ or ‘not really’ to most all of these questions. So should we care? I think we should, before we write the textbooks for the next generation.

scholarly journals Seven myths on crowding and peripheral vision

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Strasburger
Keyword(s):  
Vision Research ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Seminal Paper ◽  
Crowding Distance ◽  
Visual Areas

Crowding has become a hot topic in vision research and some fundamentals are now widely agreed upon. For the classical crowding task, one would likely agree with the following statements. (1) Bouma’s law can, succinctly and unequivocally, be stated as saying that critical distance for crowding is about half the target’s eccentricity. (2) Crowding is predominantly a peripheral phenomenon. (3) Peripheral vision extends to at most 90° eccentricity. (4) Resolution threshold (the minimal angle of resolution, MAR) increases strongly and linearly with eccentricity. Crowding increases at an even steeper rate. (5) Crowding is asymmetric as Bouma has shown. For that inner-outer asymmetry, the peripheral flanker has more effect. (6) Critical crowding distance corresponds to a constant cortical distance in primary visual areas like V1. (7) Except for Bouma’s seminal paper in 1970, crowding research mostly became prominent starting in the 2000s. I propose the answer is ‘not really’ or ‘not quite’ to these assertions. So should we care? I think we should, before we write the textbook chapters for the next generation.

The Cloud‐Astrophysics of Xenophanes and Ionian Material Monism

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P. D. Mourelatos
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Critical Thought ◽  
Standard Edition ◽  
The One

This article discusses Xenophanes' “cloud astro-physics”. It analyses and explains all heavenly and meteorological phenomena in terms of clouds. It provides a view of this newer Xenophanes, who is now being recognized as an important philosopher-scientist in his own right and a crucial figure in the development of critical thought about human knowledge and its objects in the next generation of Presocratic thinkers. Xenophanes' account has been preserved in Aëtius, the doxographic compendium (1st or 2nd century ce) reconstructed by Hermann Diels late in the nineteenth century mainly from two sources that show extensive parallelism: pseudo-Plutarch Placita Philosophorum or Epitome of Physical Opinions (second century ce); and Ioannes Stobaeus' Eclogae Physicae or Physical Extracts (fifth century ce). In the Stobaeus version, which is also the one printed in the standard edition of the Pre-socratics.

scholarly journals „Es war kein Job, es war eine Berufung“ – Gouvernementale Führung, fragmentierte Subjekte und <i>contre-conduite</i> in der nichtstaatlichen Entwicklungspraxis

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-181
Author(s):  
Kirsten Linnemann
Keyword(s):  
Critical Distance ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Development Professionals ◽  
Western Values ◽  
The One ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Good Cause ◽  
Development Practice

Abstract. With their donation appeals aid organisations procure a polarised worldview of the self and other into our everyday lives and feed on discourses of “development” and “neediness”. This study investigates how the discourse of “development” is embedded in the subjectivities of “development” professionals. By approaching the topic from a governmentality perspective, the paper illustrates how “development” is (re-)produced through internalised Western values and powerful mechanisms of self-conduct. Meanwhile, this form of self-conduct, which is related to a “good cause”, also gives rise to doubts regarding the work, as well as fragmentations and shifts of identity. On the one hand, the paper outlines various coping strategies used by development professionals to maintain a coherent narrative about the self. On the other hand, it also shows how doubts and fragmentations of identity can generate a critical distance to “development” practice, providing a space for resistant and transformative practice in the sense of Foucauldian counter-conduct.

Ballistic transport simulation of acceptor–donor C3N/C3B double-wall hetero-nanotube field effect transistors

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (35) ◽  
pp. 19567-19574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwei Zhao ◽  
Na Cheng ◽  
Yuanyuan He
Keyword(s):  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Ballistic Transport ◽  
Channel Structure ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Transport Simulation ◽  
The One ◽  
Double Wall

The one-dimensional (1D) acceptor–donor (A–D) hetero-nanotube (HNT) has attracted much attention as a potential candidate for a channel structure of next-generation field effect transistors (FETs).

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