scholarly journals Dependence of the Future Elderly on Private Cars: A Case Study in Beijing

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Meiying Jian ◽  
Jing Shi ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Aging Society ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The Future ◽  
Mnl Model ◽  
Public Transport Services

With the aging of population in the world, understanding the travel demands of the elderly is important. In China, the aging society is in the process of forming. Meanwhile the urban motorization has just started. The aim of this paper is to investigate the dependence of the future elderly on private cars. The data used here come from a stated preference (SP) survey of the young and middle-aged residents in the capital of China, Beijing. The influencing factors on the car ownership and mode choices of the future elderly are analysed based on the ordered logit model and MNL model, respectively. The effect of uncertainty in respondents’ statements on the car usage has been also investigated. The results show that the future elderly in Beijing become increasingly dependent on private cars. It is also found that younger people have higher propensities to own private cars and to make use of driving after the age of 65. Moreover, improving public transport services contributes to an increased ridership of public transport by the future elderly. The findings in this paper can provide valuable references for the aging society when making transport policies in Beijing.

scholarly journals Oppilatio+ - A data and cognitive science based approach to analyze pedestrian flows in networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Biedermann ◽  
Peter M. Kielar ◽  
Andreas M. Riedl ◽  
André Borrmann
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Train Station ◽  
Public Events ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Crowd Control ◽  
Flows In Networks ◽  
Subway Train ◽  
Public Transport Services

Public transport services are a widespread and environmentally friendly option for mobility. In the majority of cases, passengers of public transport services will have to walk from a subway, train, or bus station to their desired travel destination. In an urban environment with a network of narrow streets, this can lead to crowd congestions during rush hour, due to the fact that passengers tend to arrive in waves. In order to monitor and analyze such crowding behavior, city planners, crowd managers, and organizers of public events must ascertain which routes these pedestrians will take from the respective station to their destination. The Oppilatio+ approach is suitable for solving this problem. It is an easy-to-apply approach to predict way-finding behavior with a minimal set of information. The necessary data includes the schedule of incoming transport vehicles at the stations and the time-stamped count of pedestrians at the respective destinations. Under these conditions, the Oppilatio+ approach is suitable for estimating the distribution of pedestrians on all possible walkways between stations and destinations. This information helps crowd control experts to recognize weak spots in the infrastructure and help event organizers to ensure an undisturbed arrival at their event. We validated our approach using two field experiments. The first one was a field study on a public event, and the second one was a case study for a large Swiss train station.

Control Automation to Reduce Costs of Control

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Christiaanse ◽  
Joris Hulstijn
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Process ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Audit Risk ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Control Automation ◽  
External Auditor ◽  
Public Transport Services

Much compliance effort concerns adherence to contracts. Parties to a contract need to make sure that the other parties will deliver. To this end they may require additional controls in the business process to monitor delivery and induce contractual penalties when needed. Controls have costs. In this paper the authors argue that introducing fully automated controls will help to reduce control costs, because (i) they can prevent misstatements (compliance by design) or (ii) they increase the quality of evidence and thereby reduce the audit risk for the external auditor and corresponding audit fees. The line of reasoning is illustrated by a case study of the implementation process of automated controls on the procurement process for public transport services for the elderly and disabled. This is a complex and heavily regulated domain. The case study indicates that control automation makes monitoring compliance to contracts in such complex domains feasible and that using control automation can in fact reduce the costs of control.

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