Beyond the dichotomy: How ride-hailing competes with and complements public transport

Since ride-hailing has become an important travel alternative in many cities worldwide, a fervent debate is underway on whether it competes with or complements public transport services. We use Uber trip data in six cities in the United States and Europe to identify the most attractive public transport alternative for each ride. We then address the following questions: (i) How does ride-hailing travel time and cost compare to the fastest public transport alternative? (ii) What proportion of ride-hailing trips do not have a viable public transport alternative? (iii) How does ride-hailing change overall service accessibility? (iv) What is the relation between demand share and relative competition between the two alternatives? Our findings suggest that the dichotomy—competing with or complementing—is false. Though the vast majority of ride-hailing trips have a viable public transport alternative, between 20% and 40% of them have no viable public transport alternative. The increased service accessibility attributed to the inclusion of ride-hailing is greater in our US cities than in their European counterparts. Demand split is directly related to the relative competitiveness of travel times i.e. when public transport travel times are competitive ride-hailing demand share is low and vice-versa.

Exploring the Patterns of Resident Resettlement in Rural and Suburban Areas and Their Influence on the Passenger Trip Generation

The region is a complex multi-element and heterogeneous dynamic system. Regional public transport systems are characterized by heterogeneity and incompleteness of information about the processes that take place in them. The factors determining the demand for public passenger transport services, the structure of suburban population transit and the economic consequences of changing this structure have not yet been sufficiently investigated. There is no quantitative assessment of the control factors’ influence on the results of the passenger transport system functioning in suburban traffic, which complicates the effective management in this field.In order to determine the mutual influence of objects with unclear functional connection, one of the methods of computational geometry is considered, which allows quantifying and obtaining tabulated functions of various components and parameters of settlements' interaction and centers of gravity. The numerical characteristics obtained by the described method are further used in the modeling of the processes of efficient functioning and collaboration of urban passenger transport with other external transport types, in particular at interchanges.As a result of the proposed operations, we obtain a tabulated function of the investigated parameter for the area of spatial interaction of infrastructure objects and visualize the calculated parameters in the form of graphical dependencies or in the form of a three-dimensional surface. Thus, using the method of computational geometry, with constructing a Voronoi diagram and executing the Delaunay triangulation, it is possible to obtain tabulated characteristic parameters for inhomogeneous zones of mutual influence where infrastructure objects with unclear functional connection are located.

Analysis of transport delays in the central part of the city and ways to reduce them

The main task in ensuring the appropriate level of organization of traffic on the street and road network of cities is to minimize traffic delays, increase traffic safety, provide transport and pedestrian communication between the planning elements of the city. Problems caused by the deterioration of the street and road network significantly affect the work of the entire transport complex of the city. Significant traffic delays, congestion, characterized by increased travel time, deterioration of transport services, increased pollution of urban environment due to increased emissions and noise, increasing the number of road accidents indicate the inconsistency of the road network of cities to the modern level of motorization. To ensure the required capacity of the elements of the road network, there is a need to create appropriate road conditions, namely the construction of new and reconstruction of existing engineering structures and elements of streets and roads. However, addressing these issues may not always improve the performance of the entire network, as, in parallel with technical measures based on the construction and reconstruction of transport infrastructure, the application of effective traffic management measures to manage traffic in urban areas should be addressed streets. When creating conditions for optimizing the operation of regulated intersections, it is necessary to take into account the technical condition of vehicles, road conditions and the condition of the road surface. One of the main tasks of any traffic organization is to increase the capacity of intersections and reduce vehicle delays, ie the passage of traffic lights with minimal delay. To solve the problem of congestion of the street and road network of the city is to increase the efficiency and use of coordinated management of traffic and pedestrian flows, improving the operation of traffic lights. To implement the introduction of coordinated traffic light regulation, or the so-called green wave, it is necessary to establish the intensity and composition of traffic flows, the capacity of the elements of the road network and the modes of operation of traffic light facilities. The paper considers the results of the study of the impact of coordinated traffic management in the central part of Rivne on reducing traffic delays when passing intersections by vehicles and proposed technical solutions to improve road safety by equipping intersections with additional technical means of traffic control.

RESEARCH OF APPLICATION EFFICIENCY OF PIGGYBACK TECHNOLOGY OF CARGO TRANSPORTATION IN UKRAINE

Purpose. In modern conditions of the transport services market functioning, the main task of a customer-oriented carrier is to provide high-quality services for the needs of the clientele in cargo transportation, taking into account modern technologies and world experience. The aim of the work is to analyze the existing problems and prospects for organizing piggyback transportation and the effectiveness assessment of this technology application on the example of one of the most potential routes. Methodology. During the research, methods of analysis and synthesis were used to study the main provisions of scientific publications about world experience of organizing piggyback transportation, methods for determining tariffs for cargo transportation and technical - economic calculations for the selected variants. Findings. Ukraine has significant potential for the development of combined transportation, in particular, in international traffic. One of the most efficient and perspective combined transport technologies in the world is a piggyback transportation. A comparative assessment of the shippers’ costs for cargo transportation using different technologies between the terminals Dnepr-Liski and Chop has been carried out. Scientific novelty. The obtained results make it possible to provide a scientific and economic basis for the selection of expedient variants for combined cargo transportation. Practical value. The obtained results of the analysis of the use effectiveness of piggyback technology, taking into account the existing tariffs and competition with road transport on the specific logistics route, can be used for a preliminary assessment and decision-making about the use of different types of combined transport as an alternative to direct road or rail cargo transportation.

An Integration of Health Monitoring System in Public Transport Using the Semantic Web of Things

The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology and artificial intelligence has become essential in many aspects of daily life since the expansion of the communications and information field. Healthcare is one area that urgently needs to benefit from these technologies to keep up with the dramatic evolution of communications for contemporary human life. IoT, through wearable devices, provides real-time data related to the measurement of a person’s vital signs of health. However, for this data to become more relevant and valuable, it needs to be linked to other domains. Public transport is a domain related to the daily activity of people who take advantage of the IoT to provide exemplary transport services whose quality of service can greatly affect people’s health. The integration of these two domains offers many benefits, especially when providing services adapted to passengers’ health status, making them safer and healthier. This paper proposes an approach based on an IoT architecture using Semantic Web technologies; it aims to integrate health monitoring in public transport, provide passengers with quality transport services, and ensure continuous health monitoring. The use of Semantic Web technologies overcomes the lack of interoperability due to the heterogeneity of data collected by different devices and generated by two different domains. An experimental study was conducted, and the proposed approach’s results were compared with those obtained by the evaluation of a physician. The results show that the approach is effective and should allow passengers to benefit from appropriate transport services that better match their health status.

RESEARCH OF OPERATION TECHNOLOGY OF HEAVY LOADS PROCESSING POINTS

Target. The transportation of oversized and heavy cargo is considered one of the most important transport services that bring the greatest profit. This requires powerful equipment and highly qualified specialists. The modern system of organizing transportation provides for the acceptance and delivery of small shipments of heavy cargo yards, during which each shipment can be reloaded several times at the cargo sites. Despite the relatively average transportation distances within Ukraine, the number of processing can reach 3 times, and the time spent at such sites is several days. Therefore, an increase in the delivery time for heavy small consignments arises due to their long stay at the cargo yards. Improvement of the technology of cargo yards and their technical equipment is of paramount importance for improving the organization of transportation of heavy cargo by small consignments. Methods. Comprehensive analysis of technical equipment and technology of work of points for processing heavy cargo on railway transport, statistical analysis, mathematical theory of inventory management, methods of correlation analysis. Results. The analysis of the technology and technical equipment of heavy cargo handling points is carried out, recommendations for their improvement are given. The nature of the arrival of vehicles on the cargo front has been studied, the mode of using loading and unloading machines has been studied, and a method for optimizing the technical equipment of the cargo front has been provided. The method for determining the optimal capacity of sites for heavy cargo has been improved. Practical significance. The studies carried out have shown that there are reserves for improving the transportation of goods by heavy small shipments through the development and application of optimal technology. The main direction in reducing the idle time of wagons is to optimize the processes of handling heavy cargo: increasing the capacity of technical equipment, improving the system of operational planning and management of the operation of points for processing heavy cargo. The application of the methodology makes it possible to evaluate various options for technical equipment at reduced costs, to calculate the optimal capacity of processing points for local and transit heavy cargo using the mathematical theory of inventory management and methods of correlation analysis. The task of drawing up an optimal operational plan for sorting heavy cargo is reduced to a linear programming transport problem and is solved with the help of computer technology.

Formation of marketing strategies of enterprises in the market of logistics services in the context of world trends

The article considers the problems of formation of marketing strategies of enterprises in the market of logistics services in the context of global trends. It was carried out the analysis of global trends and the market of transport and logistics services of Ukraine. It was determined the contribution of the transport and logistics services sector to the economy of Ukraine. The volumes of the market of logistics services in Ukraine are analyzed and their dependence on tendencies of change of business activity in the industry, a situation in the field of foreign trade that is reflected in indicators of change of volume of the rendered transport services is introduced. It was divided the Ukrainian market of transport and logistics services into segments. It was determined the necessity of transformation of institutional support of its functioning in the direction of harmonization with European norms Drivers of European integration for the Ukrainian logistics sector have been identified, which include the rapid development of e-commerce, the use of production technology "just in time" (JIT – just-in-time manufacturing) and migration. The study analyzes the global trends in the development of logistics services and their impact on the principles of marketing strategies in the market of logistics services. It was substantiated the basic theoretical and methodical approaches to the formation of marketing strategies taking into account the specifics of the logistics services market. It was revealed the aspects and directions of realization of strategic development of logistics activity in the context of formation of marketing strategies in the field of logistics.

An Assessment Framework for the Transformation of Mobility 4.0 in Smart Cities

Investing in digital transformation turns out to be a strategic action to tackle contemporary issues and to improve competitiveness for enterprises. The high variability of options in the digital transformation process enforces a higher complexity level in configuring and setting up objectives and goals based on cities’ needs; hence, a systematic approach is required to assist decision makers for better and sustainable transformation. A reference model is described in this paper to support decision makers with comprehensive assessment data for digital transformation cities transport. The proposed reference model assesses the cities based on digital transformation of transport services to assist policy makers for better decisions in transforming the Mobility 4.0. The proposed model in this study functions as a knowledge-based systematic framework for assessing the capabilities of the cities, diagnosing their needs under given circumstances and identifying the best fitting workflow for digital transformation of urban transportation systems and related services. The reference model takes on board a group of smart city indices with respective assessment criteria in determining a smartness level of transportation components. A conceptual 4-tier smartness scale has been proposed to establish a consistent assessment subject to cities circumstances in many respects. The reference model has been formalised into a mathematical model to characterise the assessments. The mathematical model encompasses strategic assessments by experts to identify priorities of investments in the digitalization process, which are aligned with strategic goals and policies of cities’ management.