Beyond the dichotomy: How ride-hailing competes with and complements public transport

Since ride-hailing has become an important travel alternative in many cities worldwide, a fervent debate is underway on whether it competes with or complements public transport services. We use Uber trip data in six cities in the United States and Europe to identify the most attractive public transport alternative for each ride. We then address the following questions: (i) How does ride-hailing travel time and cost compare to the fastest public transport alternative? (ii) What proportion of ride-hailing trips do not have a viable public transport alternative? (iii) How does ride-hailing change overall service accessibility? (iv) What is the relation between demand share and relative competition between the two alternatives? Our findings suggest that the dichotomy—competing with or complementing—is false. Though the vast majority of ride-hailing trips have a viable public transport alternative, between 20% and 40% of them have no viable public transport alternative. The increased service accessibility attributed to the inclusion of ride-hailing is greater in our US cities than in their European counterparts. Demand split is directly related to the relative competitiveness of travel times i.e. when public transport travel times are competitive ride-hailing demand share is low and vice-versa.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF PASSENGER PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES IN SALATIGA CITY

<p>The performance condition of public transportation services in Salatiga City does have an average rating of still good, but it still has classic problems such as there is no passenger stop, public transportation takes a long time to catch up on deposits, and passengers do not know the fare per kilometer that must be paid. These conditions encourage research activities in the form of an analysis of the performance of public transport passengers in Salatiga City (Case Study of the Tamansari – Blotongan Route). The long-term goal of this research is that the resulting analysis can contribute to stakeholders in Salatiga City, especially in terms of (public transport) towards smart transportation. The specific target to be achieved from the research is the analysis and modeling of the performance of passenger public transport services that will be carried out in Salatiga City, in the form of field surveys and secondary data collection, namely: number of vehicles, number of passengers and data in the form of public transport routes: routes, schedules, speeds and Primary forms are: boarding alighting (up and down passengers) and headway (distance between two public transport vehicles). The analytical method used is the analysis and modeling of the performance of passenger public transportation services in accordance with Government Regulation No. 10 of 2012 Directorate General of Land Transportation concerning Minimum Service Standards for Road-Based Mass Transportation. The results showed that the physical condition of the passenger fleet of Salatiga City on the Tamansari - Blotongan PP route was classified as suitable for use. There are a total of 90 fleets that are sufficient for the needs of Salatiga City public transport passengers who want to travel by means of transportation. The results of the performance analysis based on various indicators show that the performance quality of public transportation services in Salatiga City has met the standards set by the Directorate General of Land Transportation. It can be seen from the results of the load factor analysis with a value of 0.72, the value is included in category A, namely &gt; 0.8. For the level of satisfaction and level of performance, most of the indicators have met the satisfaction of public transport passengers in Salatiga City, so it is sufficient to maintain it. However, there are indicators of waiting times for public transportation that need to be improved.</p>

Public transport strategy: Minimal service vs. competitor to the car

With regard to public policy for public transport services, two dominant approaches are found: the provision of minimal services to the car-less population, or the provision of a service that competes directly with the car (in terms of time, cost, convenience, etc.). Increased acknowledgement of the need to mitigate traffic growth and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has led to a growing need to shift from the former to the latter, encouraging the use of public transport. This paper sets out to explore whether competitiveness with the car is a priority for the public transport planning of medium-sized European cities, as well as whether the change in European regulation (European Commission, 2007) has managed to contribute to the acceptance of this priority. In this study, we take a closer look at a country undergoing significant regulatory and procedural transformations. An exploratory analysis is conducted regarding plans, actions, and development projects in recent years in four Portuguese municipalities. Relevant planners and transport authorities are interviewed on matters such as how local policies and plans favor public transport; how the planning process was implemented; the actors involved; and the support tools used to achieve the established goals. The findings reveal that relative competitiveness of public transport is considered important by planning practitioners. Nevertheless, other concerns seem to be more timely, such as, providing minimal services, restructuring existing networks, and budget constraints. The results suggest that changes in the planning process have been overwhelming and are seen as restricting the steps required toward making public transport more competitive vis-à-vis the car. So far, local authorities recognize the potential of adding relative competitiveness concerns in the future, as well as the added value of planning support tools capable of revealing such relative competitiveness.

Differential impacts of ridesharing on alcohol-related crashes by socioeconomic municipalities: rate of technology adoption matters

Background An emergent group of studies have examined the extent under which ridesharing may decrease alcohol-related crashes in countries such as United States, United Kingdom, Brazil, and Chile. Virtually all existent studies have assumed that ridesharing is equally distributed across socioeconomic groups, potentially masking differences across them. We contribute to this literature by studying how socioeconomic status at the municipal level impacts Uber’s effect on alcohol-related crashes. Methods We use data provided by Chile’s Road Safety Commission considering all alcohol-related crashes, and fatal and severe alcohol-related injuries that occurred between January 2013 and September 2013 (before Uber) and January and September 2014 (with Uber) in Santiago. We first apply spatial autocorrelation techniques to examine the level of spatial dependence between the location of alcohol-related crashes with and without Uber. We then apply random-effects meta-analysis to obtain risk ratios of alcohol-related crashes by considering socioeconomic municipality differences before and after the introduction of Uber. Results In both analyses, we find that the first 9 months of Uber in Santiago is associated with significant rate ratio decreases (RR = 0.71 [95% Confidence Interval (C.I.) 0.56, 0.89]) in high socioeconomic municipalities in all alcohol-related crashes and null (RR = 1.10 [95% C.I. 0.97, 1.23]) increases in low socioeconomic municipalities. No concomitant associations were observed in fatal alcohol-related crashes regardless of the socioeconomic municipality group. Conclusions One interpretation for the decline in alcohol-related crashes in high socioeconomic municipalities is that Uber may be a substitute form of transport for those individuals who have access to credit cards, and thus, could afford to pay for this service at the time they have consumed alcohol. Slight increases of alcohol-related crashes in low socioeconomic municipalities should be studied further since this could be related to different phenomena such as increases in alcohol sales and consumption, less access to the provision of public transport services in these jurisdictions, or biases in police reports.

A STUDY OF THE SATISFACTION OF THE POPULATION OF MAJOR LITHUANIAN CITIES WITH PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES

The article analyzes an evaluation of consumer satisfaction with public transport services in the light of academic literature which highlights the importance of the public transport system and the features of public transport services. The article presents the most influential aspects of public transport services to consumer satisfaction, as evaluated by the residents of major Lithuanian cities. The opportunities for service quality improvements are also presented. In order to examine the elements of consumer satisfaction with public transport services in the major Lithuanian cities, a quantitative analysis was performed and the method of statistical analysis was applied. Student’s test was used to compare and analyze the evaluations by the residents of Vilnius and the residents of other major Lithuanian cities. The most influential elements to satisfaction with public transport services and the overall level of satisfaction with public transport services to the residents of major Lithuanian cities (N = 466) were determined. The research results and insights can be applied in planning the improvements of public transport services.

Travel-based Multitasking on Public Transport: An Empirical Research in Hungary

On the basis of a survey addressing travel behaviour in 4707 households in Hungary in 2016, activities of passengers (especially on non-local public transport services) are analysed in this paper. Descriptive statistics is applied to provide a general view of household survey results about activities while travelling. K-means clustering is used for the analysis of travel-based multitasking on public transport and chartered commuter bus services. On the basis of one of the very first travel-based multitasking studies in Hungary, we concluded that the prevailing activity is talking to others, followed by relaxing or daydreaming, and listening to music/radio. Based on the outcomes of the clustering of public transport journeys by age of passengers, the main finding is that the use of electronic devices decreases with age and the characteristics of clusters in terms of other activities are diverse.

Elaboration of opportunity study necessary to provide public transport services on the administrative territory of the municipality Tîrgu-Mureş

This study presents and processes briefly the defining elements that characterize the system and the public transport service of TÎRGU-MUREŞ Municipality in 2015. The first contact with the "Târgu-Mureş" entity can only be achieved through a major interest in the land and the inhabitants. The Municipality of Târgu-Mureş, the county seat of Mureş, with an area of 6,696 ha and a population of approximately 150,000 inhabitants, is one of the big municipalities of Romania, a major road and air junction, a powerful center of polarization of socio-economic activity at regional level. Only 12 districts (with an area of 3201.37 hectares) can be identified for Târgu-Mureş municipality alone. The transport operator acting as the main service agent for the Tîrgu-Mureş urban area, namely S.C. Local Transportation S.A. operates as a joint stock company under the authority of the Municipal Council. Vehicle Park of S.C. Siletina Impex S.R.L. and Local Transportation S.A. Tîrgu-Mureş used for the local public transport activity is also presented in the paper. The economic and financial situation for the years 2012, 2013 and 2014 are summarized.