scholarly journals MUZIL AL-MAJNUN FI RADD TASFIYAT AL-ẒUNUN BY MAMA SEMPUR: MOSLEM PURITANISM IN REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurfika Arofah
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Islamic Reform

The development of the purification Islamic teachings idea and the Islamic reform that occurred in the Sundanese level, early 20th century, has always been responded loudly and decisively by traditional ulama. This uncompromising attitude is based on the spirit of maintaining the traditional Islamic doctrine that develops in society from the Moslem puritanism. This concept has two directions, which carry out the idea of purifying Islamic teachings and appear as a reformer movement. This study aims to identify the response of traditional scholars to the Moslem puritanism. This study focuses on the effort of exploring the Islamic intellectual treasures which are contained in Muzīl al-Majnūn fī Radd Taṣfiyat al-Ẓunūn, the Sundanese manuscript by Mama Sempur which contains traditional ulama responses to the development of Islamic puritanism in the Sundanese level. The author uses two approaches: the philological approach and intellectual social history to read and to understand various thought discourses which are contained in the manuscript. This study concludes that Mama Sempur's negative assessment of the Moslem puritanism was feared that it would erode the traditional Islamic doctrine that had developed in the community.

scholarly journals The Triumph of the Second Leaders: Ahmad Khatib and Rashīd Riḍā in Islamic Reform in Indonesia

Afkaruna ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. Layouting
Author(s):  
Jajat Burhanudin
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
Southeast Asians ◽  
Islamic Reform ◽  
Religious Thoughts ◽  
Intellectual Leader

The advent of Islamic reform in Indonesia at the turn of the 20th century is to be attributed to two scholars or called the second Muslim leaders. They were Ahmad Khatib in Mecca and Rashīd Riḍā in Cairo. Ahmad Khatib was an intellectual leader of mainly Malay-Indonesian section of Jawa (Southeast Asians Muslims) in Mecca when the Islamic reform began to be voiced by Cairo ‘ulama, Muḥammad ‘Abduh and Rashīd Riḍā. One crucial point to discuss in this article is that the two scholars shared similar religious thoughts, which hold a determining role in the development of Islamic reform, much more than the role of Muḥammad ‘Abduh, the first leader of the movement. As can be gleaned from Ahmad Khatib’s works and his intellectual orientation, as well as from the fatwas of Rashīd Riḍā in al-Manār, both scholars emphasized the primacy of pristine Islam (salāf), different from the thought of ‘Abduh. In fact, it was in the hands of Ahmad Khatib’s students that the Islamic reform reached wider audiences in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. At the same time, the early 20th century also witnessed the mounting request for fatwas to Rashīd Riḍā in al-Manār, which greatly contributed to the transmission of reform ideas from Cairo to the region.

scholarly journals ANDEH SETIA: Women's Economic Mobilizer in Sulit Air in Early 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Addi Arrahman
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Approach

<p><em>Weaving handicrafts became the motor Minangkabau's economy at the beginning of the 20th. It encouraged the establishment of weaving centers, such as Amai Setia (1911) and Andeh Setia (1912). Amai Setia handicrafts' are still standing strong nowadays, while Andeh Setia is thus no longer known by the people of Sulit Air today. This paper uses the social history approach and exposes the history of the emergence and fall of Andeh Setia as an economic movement in Sulit Air. The establishment of Andeh Setia is inseparable from the role of ninik mamak and women in Sulit Air. Andeh Setia's success was ultimately drowned due to the loss of driving figures, the reduction in women's interest in weaving crafts, and the overflow of merantau. This finding also suggests that the economic independence of the people in Sulit Air, depends heavily on the role of </em>perantau<em>. This situation is thus an obstacle to the realization of economic independence. </em></p><p> </p><p>Kerajinan tenun menjadi penggerak perekonomian di Minangkabau pada awal ke-20. Ini mendorong terbentuknya pusat kerajaninan tenun, seperti Amai Setia (1911) dan Andeh Setia (1912). Kerajinan Amai Setia hingga saat ini masih dapat ditemukan, sedangkan Andeh Setia justeru tidak dikenal lagi oleh masyarakat Sulit Air hari ini. Padahal, pada tahun 1912, kualitas tenun Andeh Setia sangat diminati pasar. Itulah sebabnya, Andeh Setia menjadi penggerak ekonomi perempuan di Sulit Air. Artikel ini juga menemukan bahwa sebab hilangnya Andeh Setia adalah karena kehilangan tokoh penggerak, menurunnya minat kaum perempuan terhadap kerajinan tenun, dan menguatnya arus merantau.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals SHEIKH DJAMIL DJAHO AND SOCIO-RELIGIOUS CRITICISM OF MINANGKABAU MUSLIM: A Study on Tazkirat al-Qulub Fi Mu‘amalat ‘Allam al-Guyub

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 239-253
Author(s):  
Saeful Bahri
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
The World ◽  
Religious Criticism

This article discusses the socio-religious critique of Sheikh Djamil Djaho on the religious and socio-society conditions in Minangkabau. Analysis of the content and approach of social history-intellectuals was used to dissect the contents of the book Tazkirat al-Qulub associated with social-religious context in the policy at the beginning of the 20th century. Based on the analysis of texts it is known that Sheikh Djaho expressed his criticism towards several groups. Among the groups are (1) scholars, (2) worshippers, (3) Sufism experts, and (4) experts of the world. According to Sheikh Djaho, the four groups might include gurur (faction), when they use intelligence in their respective fields as masks, not in honesty. This study shows three points. First, the presence of Sheikh Djaho's criticism departs from the reality of the life of the clergy and layman at that time. Second, the reality of social life keeps a text alive in society. Third, the solution to social-religious reality in the early 20th century was the practice of tasawwuf.

scholarly journals Social history of Capoeira through images. The Raul Pederneiras’ "silhouettes"

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Coelho Araújo ◽  
Ana Rosa Jaqueira
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
Social History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Identity Element ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
History Of

The study of Capoeira through the interpretation of images is characterized by being practically non-existent, and contains superficial and scarcely informed interpretations of its presence in Brazil. This study is based on the historical method and also is supported by the principles of the Historical Archaeology (Orser Jr., 1992) and those developed by Panofsky (1986) on the interpretation of images. For this study, we selected an <em>iconography</em>- "Silhouette" - by Pederneiras (1926). From this artist’s work and the accompanying text it is highlighted the apology of Brazilian's fight and its supremacy over other self-defense expressions known at the time in Brazil, the recognition of the potential of Capoeira as a physical exercise, and Pederneira’s comments on some contextual facts, highlighting the interference of its practitioners in Brazilian politics and their role as bodyguards recruited by politicians. He also referred its most famous practitioners, the gangs of Capoeira and their typical language and costumes in the Carioca society of the late 19th and early 20th century. This information, and specially the strokes depicted in the image, allows us to reconstruct the history of Capoeira movements, given the scarcity of historical sources in this field. Through this silhouette, Pederneiras sought to raise awareness among government authorities to adopt the Brazilian fight as a national identity element and recognize it as the National Gymnastics.<p> </p>

Innovative cover design: an exploration of 19th- and early 20th-century publishers’ cloth bindings designs

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Frances Willis
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Children's Books ◽  
Children’S Books ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
The Times ◽  
Cover Design ◽  
The Relationship

The Victoria and Albert Museum’s Renier Collection of Children’s Books provides a rich resource for research into book production as well as social history. Publishers’ cloth bindings have developed in a visually vibrant way that provides clues to the production dates of the books, as well as encouraging reflections on how they were marketed across the Victorian era and early 20th century. Questions also arise, such as, what was the relationship between the reader and cover? How did the cover designs reflect the times in which they were created? And, how different are our paperback era designs to those of the period when cloth was used?

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