Reducing the Pain of Local 1% Lidocaine Infiltration with a Preceding Bacteriostatic Saline Injection

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Barrett ◽  
Jim Maxka ◽  
Jamie N. Mieras ◽  
Kimbal E. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Lidocaine Injection

Background: Lidocaine injection for local anesthesia is a common podiatric medical procedure. We tested the hypothesis that injection of bacteriostatic saline solution containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol before the lidocaine infiltration can reduce the burning caused by lidocaine injection. Methods: This double-blind prospective trial involved 45 participants who each received four injections in two areas of the dorsum of the foot and rated the perceived pain on a visual analog scale. The order of the injections was designed to disguise the control and intervention arms of the study. Results: The sensation of the lidocaine injection after the injection of saline was reduced significantly (P = .028). The percentage of lidocaine injections with visual analog scale scores of 0 increased by 36% after preinjection with bacteriostatic saline solution containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol. Conclusions: The fact that 40% of the intervention visual analog scale pain scores for lidocaine injections were 0 suggests that a near painless lidocaine injection technique is an achievable goal and that the present technique is a simple and inexpensive method of reducing the pain of lidocaine injections. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(3): 223–230, 2011)

scholarly journals Efficacy of Calcipotriol 0.005% Ointment for Uremic Xerosis with Pruritus in Chronic Kidney Diseases Undergoing Hemodialysis Patients: Randomized Double Blind Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-539
Author(s):  
Widyastuti ◽  
Yulia Farida Yahya ◽  
Suroso Adi Nugroho ◽  
Soenarto Kartowigno ◽  
M. Izazi Hari Purwoko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Surface Lipid ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Skin Score

Introduction: Uremic xerosis with pruritus (UXP) is a chronic cutaneous complication among patients undergoing maintenance renal dialysis. Uremic xerosis level is directly related with pruritus severity or vice versa. Uremic xerosis with pruritus may lead to discomfort and negative psychological effect. The ethiopathogenesis still unknown, Most of treatments are empirical, and there is no effective and safe therapy. Emollient has not been effective enough to improve quality of life. There is some report about efficacy of topical vitamin D in xerosis and chronic pruritus. Objective: We evaluate the efficacy of calcipotriol 0.005% ointment for uremic xerosis and uremic pruritus in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Material & methode: Sixty two patients with UXP were enrolled, randomized double blind study. Patients were divided to two group, calcipotriol 0.005% ointment group or placebo. In baseline, patients were instructed to apply twice daily for four weeks. We assesesment the efficacy and safety of calcipotriol 0.005% ointment and placebo after 2nd and 4th weeks treatment using overall dry skin score (ODSS), visual analog scale (VAS), corneometer and sebumeter. We also assessed adverse effect and tolerance this drugs using visual assessment scale. Results: Overall dry skin score (ODSS) and visual analog scale (VAS) significantly decreased in calcipotriol 0.005% ointment group than in placebo group (p <0.05). Skin hydration level based on Corneometer score and skin surface lipid based on Sebumeter score was significantly increased in calcipotriol 0.005% ointment group than in placebo group (p <0.05). Cure rate and clinical improvement for calcipotriol 0.005% ointment group was significantly higher than placebo group. There was no adverse effect between two groups after treatment. Conclusion: calcipotriol 0.005% ointment is effective than placebo and can be used as alternative or adjuctive treatment and safe and tolerance for UXP.

Effect of Chlorophyllin on Urinary Odor in Incontinent Geriatric Patients

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 732-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milap C. Nahata ◽  
Carole A. Slencsak ◽  
Judith Kamp
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Washout Period ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Odor Intensity ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Percent Decrease

This randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study involved 20 incontinent geriatric patients; all had indwelling Foley catheters. Each patient received chlorophyllin 100 mg/d for two weeks and placebo daily for two weeks, separated by a washout period of one week. For each subject, the intensity of urinary odor was measured ten times during both the treatment and placebo regimen and three times during the washout period, using a visual analog scale. A decrease in urinary odor was associated with chlorophyllin in 12 patients and with placebo in 6 patients at the end of two weeks on each regimen. Chlorophyllin treatment was associated with about a 21-percent decrease in mean urinary odor intensity, whereas placebo increased the odor by about 9 percent. The mean intensity of urinary odor was lowest during the second week of chlorophyllin treatment. Despite the decrease in urinary odor in many patients receiving chlorophyllin, its effect was not significantly greater than that of placebo. Our data suggest that chlorophyllin 100 mg/d for two weeks may not be effective in incontinent geriatric patients with mild to moderate urinary odor.

Association Between Type of Face Mask and Visual Analog Scale Scores During Pain Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merav Ben Natan ◽  
Yaniv Steinfeld ◽  
Sara Badash ◽  
Galina Shmilov ◽  
Milena Abramov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Scale Scores

scholarly journals Comparison of outcomes of osteosynthesis in type II accessory navicular by variable fixation methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0037
Author(s):  
Hyun-woo Park ◽  
Ho-seong Jang ◽  
Jae Wan Suh ◽  
Sunghyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Tension Band ◽  
Tension Band Wiring ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Fixation Methods ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Accessory Navicular ◽  
Screw Group

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: To compare the outcomes of fixation methods for osteosynthesis of a type II symptomatic accessory navicular between screw and tension band wiring. Methods: Forty-four patients (mean age, 29.2 years; range, 13–54 years; 21 males and 23 females) who had undergone operative treatment after failed conservative treatment were chosen for the study between 2007 and 2014. The patients were divided into two groups by the method of osteosynthesis: group 1 (screw) and group 2 (tension band wiring). Pre and postoperative evaluations were performed, using the midfoot scale from the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS), a visual analog scale, time to return to social activities, and plain radiography. Results: The AOFAS midfoot and visual analog scale scores of both groups were improved at the last postoperative follow-up. The time to return to social activities was 12.3 weeks in the screw group and 11.9 weeks in the tension band wiring group (p = 0.394). A broken screw was observed in one case in the screw group and a broken k-wire was detected in two cases in the tension band wiring group. Nonunion was observed in two cases in each group. Conclusion: The tension band wiring technique could be another treatment choice of osteosynthesis for fixation of the accessory navicular bone.

Ondansetron Is Effective to Treat Spinal or Epidural Morphine-induced Pruritus 

1999 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Borgeat ◽  
Hans-Ruedi Stirnemann
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Epidural Administration ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Group A

Background Spinally and epidurally administered morphine is frequently associated with pruritus. Isolated case reports indicate that ondansetron may be effective in this context. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of ondansetron to treat this side effect. Methods In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 100 patients with pruritus (&gt; 4 on a visual analog scale, on which 0 represents no pruritus and 10 represents worst pruritus imaginable) after spinal or epidural administration of morphine, received either 8 mg ondansetron intravenously (ondansetron group) in 100 ml NaCl 0.9% or vehicle (placebo group). A decrease of more than 4 points on the visual analog scale 60 min after treatment was considered a success. Changes in levels of pain and sedation, hemodynamic values, and other side effects were checked regularly. The presence or absence of pruritus was assessed for the last time 24 h later. Results The two groups were similar for demographic characteristics, the route of administration of morphine, and severity of pruritus at the beginning of the study. The ondansetron group showed a success rate of 70% versus 30% for the placebo group (P &gt; 0.05). Among the successfully treated patients, three (9%) in the ondansetron group and six (40%) in the placebo group reported the recurrence of pruritus (P &lt; 0.05). Among the successfully treated patients, none complained of residual pruritus 24 h later. No changes in pain or sedation levels were noted. Hemodynamic values remained stable, hemoglobin oxygen saturation did not decrease, and no other side effects were observed. Conclusion The administration of 8 mg ondansetron intravenously is an effective treatment for spinally or epidurally administered morphine-induced pruritus. In this clinical condition the treatment is safe and well tolerated.

The Local Addition of Tenoxicam Reduces the Incidence of Low Back Pain after Lumbar Epidural Anesthesia 

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1414-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Liang Wang ◽  
Jing-Ru Hsieh ◽  
Ham-See Chung ◽  
Chi-Lun Yu ◽  
Angie C. Y. Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Epidural Anesthesia ◽  
Epidural Needle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Skin Infiltration ◽  
Lumbar Epidural Anesthesia

Background Postepidural backache is a common postoperative complaint after lumbar epidural anesthesia. Useful interventions to decrease the incidence of postepidural backache would be helpful. Methods We performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind study to compare the effect of local addition of tenoxicam on the incidence of postepidural backache after nonobstetric surgery. One thousand unpremedicated ASA physical status I or II patients scheduled for hemorrhoidectomy were assigned randomly to tenoxicam or control groups. Patients in the control group received 25 ml lidocaine, 2%, with epinephrine 1:200,000 epidurally and 4 ml lidocaine, 1%, for local skin infiltration. Patients in the tenoxicam group received 25 ml lidocaine, 2%, with epinephrine 1:200,000 epidurally and 4 ml lidocaine, 1%, with tenoxicam (2 mg) 1:2,000 for local skin infiltration. Patients were interviewed at 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively using a standard visual analog scale for evaluation of postepidural backache. A patient was considered to have postepidural backache when the postoperative visual analog scale score was higher than the preoperative score. Results The incidence of postepidural backache in patients in the control group for the 3 days were 22.8%, 17.4%, and 9.2%, all of which were significantly more frequent than observed in the patients in the tenoxicam group (6.8%, 4.0%, and 1.2%, P &lt; 0.01). There was a significant association between backache and multiple attempts at epidural needle insertion. Conclusion In summary, the local addition of tenoxicam reduced the incidence and severity of postepidural backache.

Utilities Derived from Visual Analog Scale Scores in Patients with HIV/AIDS

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Mrus ◽  
Michael S. Yi ◽  
Kenneth A. Freedberg ◽  
Albert W. Wu ◽  
Robert Zackin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Hiv Aids
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