Effect of Chlorophyllin on Urinary Odor in Incontinent Geriatric Patients

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 732-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milap C. Nahata ◽  
Carole A. Slencsak ◽  
Judith Kamp
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Washout Period ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Odor Intensity ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Percent Decrease

This randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study involved 20 incontinent geriatric patients; all had indwelling Foley catheters. Each patient received chlorophyllin 100 mg/d for two weeks and placebo daily for two weeks, separated by a washout period of one week. For each subject, the intensity of urinary odor was measured ten times during both the treatment and placebo regimen and three times during the washout period, using a visual analog scale. A decrease in urinary odor was associated with chlorophyllin in 12 patients and with placebo in 6 patients at the end of two weeks on each regimen. Chlorophyllin treatment was associated with about a 21-percent decrease in mean urinary odor intensity, whereas placebo increased the odor by about 9 percent. The mean intensity of urinary odor was lowest during the second week of chlorophyllin treatment. Despite the decrease in urinary odor in many patients receiving chlorophyllin, its effect was not significantly greater than that of placebo. Our data suggest that chlorophyllin 100 mg/d for two weeks may not be effective in incontinent geriatric patients with mild to moderate urinary odor.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of 0.2% Glyceryl Trinitrate Ointment for Pain Reduction after Hemorrhoidectomy Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. e192-e196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Vahabi ◽  
Siavash Beiranvand ◽  
Arash Karimi ◽  
Mahmoudreza Moradkhani
Keyword(s):  
Glyceryl Trinitrate ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Total Pain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glyceryl Trinitrate Ointment

Abstract Context Hemorrhoid is one of the most common diseases in both, men and women, affecting half of the world's population over the age of 50. Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of local ointment of glyceryl trinitrate ointment (GTN) after hemorrhoidectomy. Methods and Materials In this randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the patients were grouped as the treatment, that is GTN, and placebo (P) group. After surgery, 0.2% gelatin GTN ointment (250 mg), and P ointment (n = 20 for each group) were applied topically on 1 cm on the anus using a standard ruler, three times a week in respective groups. visual analog scale was used to assess the intensity of the pain and complications of the drugs were observed at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours. Statistical Analysis Used Data and questionnaires were analyzed statistically using SPSS17 software and results were recorded in the tabular form. Results Six hours after the application of the ointment, no significant difference was found among the groups, however, after 12, 18, and 24 hours significant reduction in pain was seen in GTN group, which was least after 18 hours. The mean values of the total pain score in the first 24 hours after surgery in the GTN group were 3.15 and 5.45 in the P group which were statistically significant. Nonetheless, headache was significantly increased in the GTN group. Conclusion Simple and safe topical GTN ointment can reduce the pain after hemorrhoidectomy, leading to the reduced need of other analgesics.

Ondansetron Is Effective to Treat Spinal or Epidural Morphine-induced Pruritus 

1999 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Borgeat ◽  
Hans-Ruedi Stirnemann
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Epidural Administration ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Group A

Background Spinally and epidurally administered morphine is frequently associated with pruritus. Isolated case reports indicate that ondansetron may be effective in this context. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of ondansetron to treat this side effect. Methods In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 100 patients with pruritus (> 4 on a visual analog scale, on which 0 represents no pruritus and 10 represents worst pruritus imaginable) after spinal or epidural administration of morphine, received either 8 mg ondansetron intravenously (ondansetron group) in 100 ml NaCl 0.9% or vehicle (placebo group). A decrease of more than 4 points on the visual analog scale 60 min after treatment was considered a success. Changes in levels of pain and sedation, hemodynamic values, and other side effects were checked regularly. The presence or absence of pruritus was assessed for the last time 24 h later. Results The two groups were similar for demographic characteristics, the route of administration of morphine, and severity of pruritus at the beginning of the study. The ondansetron group showed a success rate of 70% versus 30% for the placebo group (P > 0.05). Among the successfully treated patients, three (9%) in the ondansetron group and six (40%) in the placebo group reported the recurrence of pruritus (P < 0.05). Among the successfully treated patients, none complained of residual pruritus 24 h later. No changes in pain or sedation levels were noted. Hemodynamic values remained stable, hemoglobin oxygen saturation did not decrease, and no other side effects were observed. Conclusion The administration of 8 mg ondansetron intravenously is an effective treatment for spinally or epidurally administered morphine-induced pruritus. In this clinical condition the treatment is safe and well tolerated.

scholarly journals Preemptive use of adjunctive IV lidocaine for enhanced recovery after abdominal hysterectomy for overweight and obese women: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1095
Author(s):  
Nahla Waer Shady ◽  
Hassan Ahmed Farouk ◽  
Hany Farouk Sallam
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Bolus Dose ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Intravenous Lidocaine ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Lidocaine Group ◽  
Pain Scores

Background: This investigation planned to evaluate the clinical results of adjunctive IV lidocaine bolus dose plus infusion for one hour after surgery in patients who underwent an abdominal hysterectomy in obese and overweight women.Methods: We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NC03748108), with patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy divided into 2 groups: one group received intravenous lidocaine single bolus dose preoperatively and IV infusions till one hour after the surgical procedure, and the opposite received normal saline infusion (placebo). We assessed postoperative results, including pain scores rankings on a visual analog scale (VAS) in rest and movement, administration frequency of pethidine. Postoperative nausea and vomiting, the period of hospital stay (LOS), time to ambulate, and patient satisfaction at forty-eight hours had been evaluated. Chi-square test and Monte Carlo test have been used for comparison among groups.Results: There were 120 patients in our study. The visual analog scale (VAS), pain scores, length of hospital stay (LOS), and administration frequency of pethidine were significantly lower in the lidocaine group. The total amount of consumed pethidine was significantly lower in the lidocaine than the placebo group. There was a significant reduction in post-operative pain which was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) after 2,4,8,12, and 24 hours either during movement or during rest in the lidocaine group compared to the placebo group, p=(0. 0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 and 0.0001).Conclusions: The administration of adjuvant intravenous lidocaine infusion reduces pain during the postoperative period after abdominal hysterectomy, is associated with early recovery, decreased postoperative opioid analgesic requirement, and better patient satisfaction in overweight and obese women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. 

scholarly journals Evaluation effectiveness of 0.1% nepafenac on injection-related pain in patients undergoing intravitreal Ozurdex injection

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 251584141986185
Author(s):  
Tevfik Ogurel ◽  
Reyhan Ogurel ◽  
Fatma Ozkal ◽  
Yaşar Ölmez ◽  
Nurgül Örnek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Score ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Topical Anesthesia ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Visual Analog Scale Pain ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Purpose: To evaluate the analgesic effect of topical 0.1% nepafenac solution during intravitreal Ozurdex injection. Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study included 59 patients who were diagnosed with retinal vein occlusion or pseudophakic cystoid macular edema and were selected to receive intravitreal Ozurdex injection. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1, consisting of 31 eyes of 31 patients, received topical 0.1% nepafenac with topical anesthesia (0.5% proparacaine HCl, Alcaine; Alcon, TX, USA), and group 2, consisting of 28 eyes of 28 patients, received placebo with topical anesthesia. Results: There were 14 (45.2%) men and 17 (54.8%) women in group 1 and 16 (57.1%) men and 12 (42.9%) women in group 2. The mean age of the subjects was 64.42 ± 5.51 years in group 1 and 62.32 ± 7.54 years in group 2. The median visual analog scale pain score was 2 (1–3) in group 1 and 4 (1–6) in group 2. The visual analog scale pain score was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Topical 0.1% nepafenac has an additive analgesic effect when combined with topical anesthesia for intravitreal Ozurdex injection.

scholarly journals Impact of Oral Intake of Glucosylceramide Extracted from Pineapple on Xerostomia: A Double-Blind Randomized Cross-Over Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Murakami ◽  
Yasuhiro Nishi ◽  
Kae Harada ◽  
Tomohiro Masuzaki ◽  
Yoko Minemoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Washout Period ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Fungiform Papillae ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Lingual Mucosa

Background: The aim of this double-blind randomized cross-over trial was to evaluate the effect of oral intake of glucosylceramide extracted from pineapple on oral moisture and xerostomia symptoms. Methods: Sixteen participants who had xerostomia symptoms were randomly allocated into two groups. One group received, as test samples, tablets containing glucosylceramide extracted from pineapple (GCP) followed by placebo tablets. The other group received the test samples in the reverse order. Participants were instructed to take tablets of the first test sample once a day (after breakfast) for two consecutive weeks. Then, after a washout period of four weeks, participants were instructed to take the other test sample for two consecutive weeks. The oral moisture level of the lingual mucosa, xerostomia symptoms, and the number of fungiform papillae was evaluated. Results: The oral moisture significantly increased, and the visual analog scale (VAS) of “How is the dryness of your mouth?” significantly improved after GCP tablets intake and not after placebo tablets intake. The number of fungiform papillae was not significantly different following the intake of GCP tablets or placebo tablets. Conclusion: Results suggested that oral intake of GCP may improve the moisture level and xerostomia symptoms.

scholarly journals Percutaneous Mastoid Electrical Stimulator Improves Poststroke Depression and Cognitive F unction in Patients with Ischaemic Stroke: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, and Sham-controlled Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taoli Lu ◽  
Lanying He ◽  
Bei Zhang ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Poststroke Depression ◽  
Score Change ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electrical Stimulator ◽  
Moca Score

Abstract Background : Poststroke depression can lead to functional dependence, cognitive impairment and reduced quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a percutaneous mastoid electrical stimulator (PMES) plus antidepressants on poststroke depression and cognitive function. Methods: This study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, and sham-controlled study . A total of 258 clinically depressed ischaemic stroke patients within 14 days of index stroke were randomly assigned to the PMES plus antidepressant (PMES group, N=125) and sham plus antidepressant (sham group, N=133) groups. All patients underwent the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) test at 2 weeks (baseline), and 6 months(M6) after ischaemic stroke. Primary outcomes were the percentage of patients showing a treatment response (≥50% reduction in HRSD score) and depression remission (HRSD score≤9) at 6 months. The secondary outcome was the percentage of patients with a MoCA score <26 . Results: The percentages of patients showing a treatment response and depression remission were significantly higher in the PMES group than in the sham group (57.60% vs 41.35%, P=0.009; 44.00% vs 29.32%, P=0.014 respectively). The mean value of the HRSD score change [M(month)6-baseline] was significantly higher in the PMES group than in the sham group at 6 months (-11.93 ±5.32 vs -10.48 ± 6.10, P = 0.036, respectively). The percentage of patients with MoCA scores <26 was lower in the PEMS group than in the sham group(12.0% vs 24.06%, P=0.012,respectively), and the mean value of the MoCA score change (M6-baseline) was higher in the PMES group than in the sham group (3.50±2.55 vs 2.72±2.52, P=0.005,respectively). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that PMES adjunctive to antidepressant therapy is effective in reducing depression, achieving remission in the short term, and improving cognition. Trial registration: This trial was retrospectively registered (registration number: ChiCTR1800016463) on 03 June 2018

scholarly journals Efficacy of Calcipotriol 0.005% Ointment for Uremic Xerosis with Pruritus in Chronic Kidney Diseases Undergoing Hemodialysis Patients: Randomized Double Blind Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-539
Author(s):  
Widyastuti ◽  
Yulia Farida Yahya ◽  
Suroso Adi Nugroho ◽  
Soenarto Kartowigno ◽  
M. Izazi Hari Purwoko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Surface Lipid ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Skin Score

Introduction: Uremic xerosis with pruritus (UXP) is a chronic cutaneous complication among patients undergoing maintenance renal dialysis. Uremic xerosis level is directly related with pruritus severity or vice versa. Uremic xerosis with pruritus may lead to discomfort and negative psychological effect. The ethiopathogenesis still unknown, Most of treatments are empirical, and there is no effective and safe therapy. Emollient has not been effective enough to improve quality of life. There is some report about efficacy of topical vitamin D in xerosis and chronic pruritus. Objective: We evaluate the efficacy of calcipotriol 0.005% ointment for uremic xerosis and uremic pruritus in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Material & methode: Sixty two patients with UXP were enrolled, randomized double blind study. Patients were divided to two group, calcipotriol 0.005% ointment group or placebo. In baseline, patients were instructed to apply twice daily for four weeks. We assesesment the efficacy and safety of calcipotriol 0.005% ointment and placebo after 2nd and 4th weeks treatment using overall dry skin score (ODSS), visual analog scale (VAS), corneometer and sebumeter. We also assessed adverse effect and tolerance this drugs using visual assessment scale. Results: Overall dry skin score (ODSS) and visual analog scale (VAS) significantly decreased in calcipotriol 0.005% ointment group than in placebo group (p <0.05). Skin hydration level based on Corneometer score and skin surface lipid based on Sebumeter score was significantly increased in calcipotriol 0.005% ointment group than in placebo group (p <0.05). Cure rate and clinical improvement for calcipotriol 0.005% ointment group was significantly higher than placebo group. There was no adverse effect between two groups after treatment. Conclusion: calcipotriol 0.005% ointment is effective than placebo and can be used as alternative or adjuctive treatment and safe and tolerance for UXP.

scholarly journals A Randomised Controlled Trial on the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Ketamine in Neonatal Circumcision

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Ifeanyichukwu Modekwe ◽  
Jideofor Okechukwu Ugwu ◽  
Okechukwu Hyginus Ekwunife ◽  
Andrew Nwankwo Osuigwe ◽  
Jideofor Chukwuma Orakwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Paediatric Surgery ◽  
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Oral Ketamine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neonatal Circumcision

Introduction: Procedural analgesia use in neonatal circumcision is not widespread in the developing world. An easy-to-administer, adequate and safe analgesia will encourage usage in neonatal circumcision. Orally administered ketamine may prove effective and safe, and may encourage procedural analgesia use in neonatal circumcision. Aim: To determine the analgesic efficacy of oral ketamine in Plastibell® neonatal circumcision. Materials and Methods: A hospital based randomised double blind controlled study was conducted at the paediatric surgery unit of the hospital, from March 2015 to December 2015. Total 121 neonates were sequentially recruited, and randomised into two groups. Group A received oral ketamine, and Group B received plain syrup (placebo) as procedural analgesia. Continuous pulse oximeter monitoring was done before, during and immediately after the procedure. The pre-procedural and intra-procedural peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and Pulse Rate (PR) were determined at the various stages. Also, the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) scores were assessed during the stages of the procedure. Differences in mean scores were analysed. Mann-Whitney U test and Independent t-test were used to compare means of continuous variable, while Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical variables. Significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Sixty-one neonates received oral ketamine, while 60 received placebo. The intraoperative mean SpO2 were lower in the placebo group and significant at the tying stage with p=0.022. The mean intraoperative PR was higher in the placebo group and significant at dorsal-slit, tying and excision stages (p<0.05). The mean intraoperative NIPS scores were significantly higher in the placebo group. Conclusion: Oral ketamine provides effective and safe analgesia for neonatal Plastibell® circumcision in comparison to placebo.

Paroxetine in the Treatment of Panic Disorder a Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Oehrberg ◽  
P. E. Christiansen ◽  
K. Behnke ◽  
A. L. Borup ◽  
B. Severin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Efficacy Measures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Primary Measure

BackgroundThis study compared the efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine with placebo in the treatment of panic disorder.MethodAfter three weeks of placebo, patients received 12 weeks of treatment with paroxetine (20, 40, or 60 mg) or placebo, and finally two weeks of placebo. Dosages were adjusted according to efficacy and tolerability. Standardised cognitive therapy was given to all patients. The primary measure of outcome was reduction in the number of panic attacks.ResultsAnalysis of the results showed statistically significant differences in favour of paroxetine between the two treatment groups in two out of the three primary measures of outcome, i.e. 50% reduction in total number of panic attacks and number of panic attacks reduced to one or zero over the study period. For the third measure of outcome, the mean change in the total number of attacks from baseline, there was a positive trend in favour of paroxetine. The results of the primary measures of outcome were strongly supported by the results of the secondary efficacy measures of outcome. In addition, paroxetine, at all doses, was very well tolerated.ConclusionParoxetine plus cognitive therapy was significantly more effective than placebo plus cognitive therapy in the treatment of panic disorder.

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