Buffered lidocaine decreases the pain of digital anesthesia in the foot

The pain associated with injections for inducing digital anesthesia can be decreased by adding sodium bicarbonate to plain lidocaine. A randomized, double-blind study has demonstrated that 24 out of 30 participants indicated on a visual analogue scale that buffered lidocaine is less painful than plain lidocaine. The pain decreased by 50% or more for almost half of the participants. Practitioners can easily buffer lidocaine in the office by adding a small volume of sodium bicarbonate to plain lidocaine.

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Flunarizine (10 and 20 mg) i.v. Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Acute Migraine Attacks: A Multi-Centre Double-Blind Study

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1046/j.1468-2982.1990.1002077.x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 77-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Volker Pfaffenrath ◽

Wolfgang Oestreich ◽

Wolfgang Haase

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Visual Analogue Scale ◽

Drug Administration ◽

Analogue Scale ◽

Blind Study ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Acute Migraine ◽

Double Blind ◽

Suitable Alternative

In a multi-centre, randomized double-blind study, the effect and tolerance of 10 and 20 mg flunarizine i.v. versus placebo was tested on 102 migraineurs with acute migraine attacks with and/or without aura. Thirty-seven patients received 10 mg flunarizine, 32 received 20 mg and 33 received placebo. The groups were comparable. Response to treatment was defined as pain reduction of at least 50% within 60 min on a visual analogue scale after i.v. drug administration. This effect was noted on 59.4% with 20 mg flunarizine, on 24.3% with 10 mg flunarizine and on 30.3% with placebo. The tolerance of flunarizine i.v. was similar to placebo. Blood pressure and pulse rate were not affected by flunarizine. All in all, 20 mg flunarizine i.v. appeared to be a suitable alternative for treatment of acute migraine attacks.

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(In)Consistencies in Responses to Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation: A Randomised, Repeated Measures, Counterbalanced and Double-Blind Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0143086 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e0143086 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Gabriela Froio de Araujo Dias ◽

Vinicius da Eira Silva ◽

Vitor de Salles Painelli ◽

Craig Sale ◽

Guilherme Giannini Artioli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Blind Study ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Double Blind

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A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study of the Anesthetic Efficacy of Sodium Bicarbonate Buffered 2% Lidocaine With 1 : 100,000 Epinephrine in Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks

Anesthesia Progress ◽

10.2344/0003-3006-57.2.59 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 59-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Michael Whitcomb ◽

Melissa Drum ◽

Al Reader ◽

John Nusstein ◽

Mike Beck

Keyword(s):

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽

Crossover Design ◽

Blind Study ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Nerve Blocks ◽

Double Blind ◽

Blind Manner ◽

Pulpal Anesthesia

Abstract The authors, using a crossover design, randomly administered, in a double-blind manner, inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) blocks using a buffered 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine/sodium bicarbonate formulation and an unbuffered 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine formulation at 2 separate appointments spaced at least 1 week apart. An electric pulp tester was used in 4-minute cycles for 60 minutes to test for anesthesia of the first and second molars, premolars, and lateral and central incisors. Anesthesia was considered successful when 2 consecutive 80 readings were obtained within 15 minutes, and the 80 reading was continuously sustained for 60 minutes. For the buffered 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine/sodium bicarbonate formulation, successful pulpal anesthesia ranged from 10–71%. For the unbuffered 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine formulation, successful pulpal anesthesia ranged from 10–72%. No significant differences between the 2 anesthetic formulations were noted. The buffered lidocaine formulation did not statistically result in faster onset of pulpal anesthesia or less pain during injection than did the unbuffered lidocaine formulation. We concluded that buffering a 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine with sodium bicarbonate, as was formulated in the current study, did not statistically increase anesthetic success, provide faster onset, or result in less pain of injection when compared with unbuffered 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine for an IAN block.

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Combating inadequate anesthesia in periapical infections, with sodium bicarbonate: a clinical double blind study

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

10.1007/s10006-013-0418-1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 325-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Savina Gupta ◽

Geetanjali Mandlik ◽

Mukul N Padhye ◽

Yogesh K Kini ◽

Shruti Kakkar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Blind Study ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Double Blind

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Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate–buffered Lidocaine on the Success of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block for Teeth with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Prospective, Randomized Double-blind Study

Journal of Endodontics ◽

10.1016/j.joen.2014.09.011 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 33-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Masoud Saatchi ◽

Abbasali Khademi ◽

Badri Baghaei ◽

Hamid Noormohammadi

Keyword(s):

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Nerve Block ◽

Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽

Blind Study ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block ◽

Double Blind ◽

Irreversible Pulpitis

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Intraoperative Use of Analgesics in Tonsillar Fossa and Postoperative Evaluation with Visual analogue Scale Scores—A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial

International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1684037 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (01) ◽

pp. e62-e67

Author(s):

Montasir Junaid ◽

Muhammad Sohail Halim ◽

Maisam Abbas Shiraz Onali ◽

Sadaf Qadeer ◽

Hareem Usman Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Analogue Scale ◽

Normal Saline ◽

Local Anesthetics ◽

Analogue Scale ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Postoperative Evaluation ◽

Double Blind ◽

Tonsillar Fossa ◽

Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽

Scale Scores

Abstract Introduction Posttonsillectomy pain results in significant morbidity to the patients. There is a disagreement in the literature regarding the use of local anesthetics during tonsillectomy. The aim of this placebo-controlled, double-blind study is to evaluate the effect of peritonsillar administration of local anesthetics. Objective To evaluate the role of intraoperative use of analgesics in tonsillar fossa and postoperative evaluation with visual analogue scale (VAS) scores in achieving pain relief after tonsillectomy procedure Methods In this study, 180 patients were randomized to 1 of the 6 groups: bupivacaine infiltration, lidocaine infiltration, normal saline infiltration, bupivacaine packing, lidocaine packing, and normal saline packing. Pain caused by speaking, swallowing, and on rest was assessed using VAS at 4, 8, 12, 16 hours, and at discharge. Results Significant analgesia was obtained in patients who received bupivacaine infiltration and packing compared with placebo (p < 0.05). The majority of the study subjects had no postoperative complications, and patients receiving bupivacaine infiltration required less additional analgesics in the first 24 hours after surgery. Conclusion We advocate the use of bupivacaine infiltration or packing immediately following the procedure to achieve adequate postoperative analgesia.

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