5. Eros and Thanatos in Fin-de-Siècle Vienna Sigmund Freud, Otto Weininger, Arthur Schnitzler

2017 ◽  
pp. 126-144
1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Kramer

In 1903, Otto Weininger, twenty-three, Viennese, Jewish, and an imminent suicide, published his misogynist manifesto Sex and Character and created an international sensation. ‘One began’, reported a contemporary, ‘to hear in the men's clubs of England and in the cafés of France and Germany – one began to hear singular mutterings among men. Even in the United States where men never talk about women, certain whispers might be heard. The idea was that a new gospel had appeared.’ Weininger's new gospel tied the spiritual progress of the human race to the repudiation of its female half. Women, said Weininger, are purely material beings, mindless, sensuous, animalistic and amoral; lacking individuality, they act only at the behest of a ‘universalised, generalised, impersonal’ sexual instinct. For humanity to achieve its spiritual destiny, men – particularly ‘Aryan’ men, who had not suffered a racial degeneracy that made the task impossible – must achieve the individualistic supremacy first revealed by the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. In order to do this, they must both rid themselves of the femininity within them and reject their sexual desires for the women around them.


1994 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 1285
Author(s):  
Judith M. Hughes ◽  
Sander L. Gilman

Author(s):  
Lyudmila Yu. Korshunova

The article deals with the issue of correlation of language and reality in the one-acter cycle "The Comedy of Seduction" by Arthur Schnitzler. It is underlined that this theme was on the front burner among philosophers and writers of the Fin de siècle epoch and was regarded rather negatively: the language seemed not to be able to highlight the outside world in a befitting way. In Arthur Schnitzler’s one-acter cycle "The Comedy of Seduction" the afore-referenced issue is strongly involved in difficulty by the confrontation of the common men and art people. It is demonstrated that the common people use the language for the release of information whereas in contrast the art people always grind their own axe using the language. In this case they have the bulge on the common men. The impossibility of language to be the way of highlighting the outside world is shown in the one-acter cycle.


2019 ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Michael Davidson

Chapter 2 focuses on works that mark the transition from fin de siècle aestheticism to works of high modernism. The primary focus is the role of embodiment in modernist aesthetics, specifically as it appears in music. The chapter looks at several works based on Velázquez’s Las Meninas (1656) in which the figure of the court dwarf represented in the painting becomes a site for anxieties about bodily and sexual difference. Alexander Zemlinsky’s opera Der Zwerg (The Dwarf) from 1922 is the primary text, based on Oscar Wilde’s story “The Birthday of the Infanta” (1891). The libretto for Zemlinsky’s opera by George Klaren transforms Wilde’s story of recognition and betrayal into an allegory of dysgenic characterology, based on the work of Otto Weininger. What Wilde perceived as a story about the noble soul beneath the grotesque body, Zemlinsky transformed into a eugenicist allegory of man’s fatal alliance with the femme fatale. As a work that embodies elements of late Romantic chromaticism as well as modernist atonality, Der Zwerg is a site for studying musical representation of bodily difference.


Author(s):  
Katja Garloff

This chapter considers a locale famously fraught with questions of sex, love, and identity: turn-of-the-century Vienna. Vienna was the birthplace of psychoanalysis and a center of the crisis of modern Jewish identity, especially after the election of an openly antisemitic mayor in 1895. While Sigmund Freud maintained a resonant silence about Jewish-Gentile attractions, several bedfellows of psychoanalysis explicitly thematize such attractions. In his highly influential philosophy of sexuality, Sex and Character (1903), Otto Weininger rejects love as a model for Jewish-Gentile rapprochement in favor of a radical Jewish self-transformation, or rather, self-annihilation. The chapter reads Arthur Schnitzler's novel The Road into the Open (1908), which draws an analogy between a Gentile's uneven friendship with a Jewish writer and his love affair with a woman from a lower social class, as a critique of Weininger's philosophical tract. Whereas Weininger can accept Jewish assimilation only as a form of suicidal striving, Schnitzler depicts assimilation as a mutual, quasi-erotic exchange across open boundaries. Against Freud's conspicuous silence about and Weininger's vehement rejection of Jewish-Gentile love, Schnitzler advances a vision of Jewish integration in which Eros has a place.


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