The Emergence of France as a Tourist Icon in the Belle Époque

War Tourism ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 20-52
Author(s):  
Bertram M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Ernest Hemingway ◽  
Gertrude Stein ◽  
First World War ◽  
Western World ◽  
Belle Epoque ◽  
World War ◽  
Belle Époque ◽  
Josephine Baker ◽  
First World ◽  
Battlefield Tourism

The coming of the railroad and trans-Atlantic steamships in the Belle Époque and of automobiles, movies, and inexpensive box cameras during the interwar years, all enhanced by the opera, theater, and gastronomy, facilitated the emergence of France as a leading tourism destination. During the interwar years, the Michelin Tire Company and Thomas Cook’s promoted battlefield tourism with guidebooks to First World War sites. Now a country that “one had to visit” to be considered culturally sophisticated in much of the western world, an elevated status appreciated by many locals as well, interwar France attracted Americans including Ernest Hemingway, Gertrude Stein, and Josephine Baker, and Germans such as Friedrich Sieburg, who wrote of “living like God in France.”

scholarly journals La représentation des poétesses dans la presse de la fin de la Belle Époque (1908-1914)

Çédille ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Wendy Prin-Conti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Belle Epoque ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Public Recognition ◽  
Female Writers ◽  
Belle Époque ◽  
First World

"This work aims at observing and comparing the image of French poets and poetess given by the national press during the late Belle Époque. More and poetess given by the national press during the late Belle Époque. More precisely, we study the photographs published by Les Annales politiques et littéraires, Femina and Comœdia, between 1908 and 1914. We shall prove that female writers obtained public recognition immediately before the First World War."

Portuguese emigration, shipping companies and the state: The business of migrant transport after the Belle Époque

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-88
Author(s):  
Yvette Santos
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Foreign Competition ◽  
Belle Epoque ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Face ◽  
Belle Époque ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
First World

This article seeks to understand why Portugal, with its strong migration tradition and its close ties with Brazil, did not manage to assert itself in the transport of emigrants to Brazil in the face of foreign competition from the mid-nineteenth century. We identify the primary internal and external factors that led to the loss of visibility of Portuguese shipping companies on the Portugal–Brazil route, even as migration reached a peak during the Belle Époque. An assessment is made of the extent to which the retreat of the major shipping nations from the maritime routes as a result of the First World War provided Portugal with an opportunity to assert itself as an international maritime power. We also analyse the politically motivated attempt to strengthen maritime contacts with Brazil through the Transportes Marítimos do Estado, and the weaknesses of that policy, which owed much to the unstable international maritime context and foreign competition.

The Early Days of Pneumonectomy for Lung Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
Harold Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
First World War ◽  
Western World ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Cause Of Deaths ◽  
First World ◽  
Cancer Of The Lung

There is no doubt that the widespread habit of cigarette smoking, which commenced among the troops in the First World War and which became almost universal in the second, was responsible for the rise in incidence of cancer of the lung throughout the Western World to its position today as the commonest cause of deaths from malignant disease.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of the Themes of ‘War’, ‘Love’, and ‘Illusion’ in Postmodern Age in A Farewell to Arms and Eye of the Needle

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
Huma Ahmad ◽  
Rasib Mahmood ◽  
Huma Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Ernest Hemingway ◽  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Farewell To Arms ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

The study attempts to explore and analyze the themes of 'love', 'war' and 'illusion' in the two novels written by two different authors. One is A Farewell to Arms (1929) written by Ernest Hemingway and the other is Eye of the Needle (2015) written by Ken Follet. Hemingway way and Follet both are American novelists who are known for their fondness for writing on the theme of war. Hemingway wrote many novels using the backdrop of the First World War whereas Ken Follet's Eye of the Needle is authored in the backdrop of the Second World War. Hemingway is one of the representative of modern age writers, whereas Ken Follet is one the writers of postmodern age. It has been observed that both writers while writing on the theme of war in the chosen novels involve, consciously or unconsciously, two sub-themes of 'love' and 'illusion' in their fiction. The research analyzes that what are the differences and the similarities between these writers’ approach towards the said themes. This paper aims at interpreting these themes in the context of postmodernists' scholarship while comparing and contrasting the treatment, which both writers have given to the themes of war, love, and illusion.

Social Encounters in the French Trenches

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Mariot
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Overwhelming Majority ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Class Hierarchies ◽  
Social Encounters ◽  
Belle Époque ◽  
First Time ◽  
First World

The First World War has been described as an exceptional moment of comradeship, so great that it was able to break even the strongest class barriers. Were social distances and class hierarchies temporarily forgotten or abolished for the millions of Frenchmen of diverse origins who were called to arms in defense of their country? The article is about this novel experiment, provoking encounters and contacts on a huge scale and often for the first time, between an overwhelming majority of manual workers and petty employees of humble extraction, and a small number of bourgeois and intellectuals. It tells the story of the discovery, by the French bourgeoisie of the Belle Epoque, of the ordinary people who fought in the trenches.

World Politics in the Mid-Twentieth Century

1948 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans J. Morgenthau
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Western World ◽  
World War ◽  
Religious Wars ◽  
Moral Tradition ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

From the end of the religious wars to the First World War, the modern state system was kept together by the intellectual and moral tradition of the Western world. That tradition imposed moral and legal limitations on the struggle for power on the international in a certatin measure, maintained order in the international community and secured the independence of its individual members. What is left of this heritage today? What kind of consensus unites the nations of the world in the period following the Second World War?

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document