Epilogue

Laura Nader ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 347-350
Author(s):  
Laura Nader
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Justice System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Civil Justice ◽  
New States ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Justice Movements ◽  
Civil Justice System

This chapter reviews letters about what have been happening in America over the past sixty years as the Ivory Tower slowly erodes. It elaborates the importance of language in the early 1960s for the understanding of kinship and court users in a bilingual town and for any sophisticated understanding of the style of court proceedings, which is later dubbed as “harmony ideology.” It also discusses the author's interest in Zapotec law that expanded to a comparative interest in dispute resolution movements worldwide after the demise of colonialism and the founding of new states. The chapter describes the movement in the United States to address the failings of the civil justice system. It talks about the push to change the civil justice system in the United States that is referred to as Alternative Dispute Resolution, which is a political movement against the social justice movements of the 1960s.

scholarly journals The new Civil Procedure Rules. 1. The process of dispute resolution and litigation

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Rix
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Civil Justice ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Civil Justice System

In the second of my previous two articles on the role of the expert witness, I anticipated the implementation of Lord Woolf's proposed reforms to the civil justice system in England and Wales (Rix, 1999). These changes came into effect on 26 April 1999 and they represent the most radical changes to the civil justice system for a hundred years. In the previous article, it was not possible to do more than list a few of the key points relevant to experts. The purpose of this article is to describe the changes in detail and show how they will, or can be expected to, affect the role of the expert.

scholarly journals The American medical liability system: An alliance between legal and medical professionals can promote patient safety and be cost effective

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Steven E. Pegalis
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Liability ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Civil Justice ◽  
Culture Of Safety ◽  
Civil Justice System

Objective: The aim of this paper is to evaluate a hypothesis premised on the idea that if medical leaders in the United States support an unfettered access for patients injured by medical error to the American civil justice system, that approach would improve patient safety and be cost effective. Method: An analysis of the relevant legal and medical literature. Results: Medical liability in the American civil justice system derived from traditional tort law is based on accountability. Reforms applied to medical liability cases urged by healthcare providers limit and in some cases eliminate legal rights of patients injured by healthcare error which rights exist for all others in non-medical cases. Yet medical liability cases have promoted a culture of safety. Information learned from medical liability cases has been used to make care safer with a reduced incidence of adverse outcomes and lower costs. A just culture of safety can limit provider emotional stress. Using the external pressures to reduce the incidence of law suits and promoting ethical mandates to be safer and disclose the truth can promote provider satisfaction. Conclusions: An alliance between legal and medical professionals on the common ground of respect for the due process legal rights of patients in the American system of justice and the need for accountability can make care safer and can be cost effective.

8. The Civil Justice System

2020 ◽  
pp. 223-253
Author(s):  
Mark Thomas ◽  
Claire McGourlay
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Civil Justice ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
System P ◽  
Default Judgment ◽  
Civil Justice System

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. This chapter discusses the civil justice system. Civil justice is concerned with the private dispute between individuals in the absence of the state. It seeks to solve disputes before they have had a chance to enter the legal structure, through the use of alternative dispute resolution (ADR). Civil justice follows a similar pattern to its criminal counterpart; however, some of the procedural rules—specifically those relating to evidence—appear to be much more relaxed than in the criminal justice system. During the process of civil justice, a number of issues may arise which would bring the procedure to an end. These issues include ADR, through which parties may decide to settle the case at any point; default judgment, wherein judgment may be entered against a defendant at any point in the proceedings; and offers to settle, known as ‘Part 36 Offers’, in which an individual makes an offer to another without prejudice.

8. The Civil Justice System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Thomas ◽  
Claire McGourlay
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Civil Justice ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
System P ◽  
Default Judgment ◽  
Civil Justice System

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. This chapter discusses the civil justice system. Civil justice is concerned with the private dispute between individuals in the absence of the state. It seeks to solve disputes before they have had a chance to enter the legal structure, through the use of alternative dispute resolution (ADR). Civil justice follows a similar pattern to its criminal counterpart; however, some of the procedural rules — specifically those relating to evidence — appear to be much more relaxed than in the criminal justice system. During the process of civil justice, a number of issues may arise which brings the procedure to an end. These issues include ADR, through which parties may decide to settle the case at any point; default judgment, wherein judgment may be entered against a defendant at any point in the proceedings; and offers to settle, known as a ‘Part 36 Offer’, in which an individual makes an offer to another without prejudice.

scholarly journals A critical analysis of the inefficacy of Court-Annexed Mediation (CAM) in South Africa – lessons from Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-54
Author(s):  
EC Muller ◽  
◽  
CL Nel
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
South African ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Civil Justice ◽  
Department Of Justice ◽  
Constitutional Development ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Civil Justice System

As a result of defects in the South African civil justice system, the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development introduced voluntary court-annexed mediation (CAM) in the magistrates’ courts in 2014. CAM was chosen under the broader need for greater access to justice because it has the potential to make dispute resolution efficient, amicable, and affordable. It can, therefore, contribute to access to justice for all members of society. Since the amendment of the Magistrates’ Court Rules to provide for CAM, the uptake of mediation in terms of the CAM system has unfortunately been inadequate. The aim of this article is to identify reasons for the inefficacy of CAM since its implementation. We use normative research to critically analyse existing court rules and authority. We conclude that there are several reasons for CAM’s inefficacy which are elucidated in the main text. It is important to understand these reasons, as the legislature presents CAM as a mechanism to improve access to justice. From this platform, we evaluate the mechanisms for court-connected alternative dispute resolutions provided by the Nigerian Multi-Door Courthouse (MDC) system. This reveals policies and practices that could potentially improve the efficacy of CAM in South Africa, as these relate to the factors identified as impediments to the optimal functioning of CAM in our civil justice system. As such, we identify valuable lessons that can be learned from this comparison. Building hereon, and on the conclusions reached elsewhere in the article, we postulate that the mediation scheme, as contemplated by Rule 41A of the Uniform Rules of Court (as applied in the superior courts), should also be implemented in the magistrates’ courts. The article concludes that improving CAM in South Africa is of critical importance to advancing access to justice and departing from a culture of conventional adversarial dispute resolution.

scholarly journals Moving on from a judicial preference for mediation to embed appropriate dispute resolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-354
Author(s):  
Masood Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Civil Justice ◽  
Civil Justice System ◽  
Court Of Appeal ◽  
Potential Use

This paper critically considers judicial approaches to and promotion of mediation within the English civil justice system. It argues that the overzealous judicial emphasis on mediation in the ADR jurisprudence has restricted the wider concepts of ADR and ‘dispute resolution’ which in turn has created what the author terms ‘judicial mediation bias’. The paper critically explores these issues through an analysis of the ADR jurisprudence, with a focus on key Court of Appeal ADR authorities, and successive civil justice reforms. The paper makes proposals for reform, including the potential use of stages one and two of Lord Justice Briggs’ online court to promote a greater application of a variety of ADR procedures, in particular, judicial early neutral evaluation and collaborative dispute resolution.

8. The civil and commercial justice systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 218-252
Author(s):  
Martin Partington
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Civil Justice ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
High Court ◽  
Justice Systems ◽  
Appeal Courts ◽  
Civil Justice System

This chapter discusses the civil and commercial justice systems. It considers the purpose of the civil justice system and also covers the use of alternative dispute resolution and the incentives to keep disputes out of the court. It looks at the court structure, the county court, the High Court, the newly created Business and Property Courts of England and Wales, and other courts and offices. It considers possible changes that may result from the Transformation programme and the civil and commercial justice systems’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It also considers routes of appeal and the work of the appeal courts.

8. The civil and commercial justice systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 210-242
Author(s):  
Martin Partington
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Civil Justice ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
High Court ◽  
Justice Systems ◽  
Appeal Courts ◽  
Civil Justice System

This chapter discusses the civil and commercial justice systems. It considers the purpose of the civil justice system and also covers the use of alternative dispute resolution and the incentives to keep disputes out of the court. It looks at the court structure, the county court, the High Court, the newly created Business and Property Courts of England and Wales, and other courts and offices. It considers possible changes that may follow the courts and tribunals transformation project. It also considers routes of appeal and the work of the appeal courts.

scholarly journals In Chancery: The Genesis of Micro Caseflow Management

Amicus Curiae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-200
Author(s):  
Michael Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Court System ◽  
Civil Justice ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Informal Justice ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Civil Justice System ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores an early example of subordinate judicial practice in England and Wales in which we may see some issues that later appear in the relationship between informal justice initiatives (especially alternative dispute resolution) and the civil justice system. Broadly speaking, the paper looks first at the symptoms of systemic failure in the pre-1873 system which led to the creation of the Official Referee’s office. It then considers the relevant recommendations of the Judicature Commissioners and the reasoning behind such recommendation, looking at both the macro- and the micro-levels, before exploring the referees’ diverse jurisdiction which provided a creative foundation for the evolution of interlocutory innovation. The article argues that structural realignment of the court system by the Judicature Commissioners was not sufficient in itself to eradicate all its encumbrances, but it indirectly empowered the referees to eventually bring about revolutionary procedural changes.

From Punishment to Control: Assessing Juvenile Diversion in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-397
Author(s):  
Enshen Li ◽  
Mingyue Su
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Juvenile Diversion ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
Juvenile Justice Policy

China’s juvenile justice system has grown and changed substantially since the 1980s. While considerable research focuses on institutional treatment of juvenile delinquents, little attention has been paid to the diversion processes and measures that allow troubled juveniles to be directed away from the formal justice system. Through a comparison with juvenile justice in the United States, this article aims to investigate the development of the juvenile diversion framework in China. We argue that despite their similar efforts to divert juvenile delinquents from traditional court proceedings, in practice China’s diversionary arrangements diverge from those of their US counterparts. Unlike in the United States, Chinese juvenile diversion does not operate according to welfarist or restorative models. Rather, juvenile diversion in China is a managerialism-driven scheme that rests on two key pillars: institutional diversion, which imposes punishment and control on juvenile offenders pursuant to their level of offending and dangerousness, and noninstitutional diversion, which revolves around risk-based management and correction through community-level interventions. We conclude that China’s distinctive sociolegal culture and political priorities have shaped a practice that appears to be at odds with the officially advertised narratives of the state’s juvenile justice policy.

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