scholarly journals Genomic signatures of globally enhanced gene duplicate accumulation in the megadiverse higher Diptera fueling intralocus sexual conflict resolution

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10012
Author(s):  
Riyue Bao ◽  
Markus Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Gene Duplication ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Background Rate ◽  
Intralocus Sexual Conflict ◽  
Evolutionary Innovation ◽  
Gene Duplicate

Gene duplication is an important source of evolutionary innovation. To explore the relative impact of gene duplication during the diversification of major insect model system lineages, we performed a comparative analysis of lineage-specific gene duplications in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Brachycera), the mosquito Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicomorpha), the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera), and the honeybee Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera). Focusing on close to 6,000 insect core gene families containing maximally six paralogs, we detected a conspicuously higher number of lineage-specific duplications in Drosophila (689) compared to Anopheles (315), Tribolium (386), and Apis (223). Based on analyses of sequence divergence, phylogenetic distribution, and gene ontology information, we present evidence that an increased background rate of gene duplicate accumulation played an exceptional role during the diversification of the higher Diptera (Brachycera), in part by providing enriched opportunities for intralocus sexual conflict resolution, which may have boosted speciation rates during the early radiation of the megadiverse brachyceran subclade Schizophora.

scholarly journals Gene duplication, tissue-specific gene expression and sexual conflict in stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1600) ◽  
pp. 2357-2375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Baker ◽  
Apurva Narechania ◽  
Philip M. Johns ◽  
Gerald S. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Gene Duplication ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Duplicated Genes

Gene duplication provides an essential source of novel genetic material to facilitate rapid morphological evolution. Traits involved in reproduction and sexual dimorphism represent some of the fastest evolving traits in nature, and gene duplication is intricately involved in the origin and evolution of these traits. Here, we review genomic research on stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae) that has been used to examine the extent of gene duplication and its role in the genetic architecture of sexual dimorphism. Stalk-eyed flies are remarkable because of the elongation of the head into long stalks, with the eyes and antenna laterally displaced at the ends of these stalks. Many species are strongly sexually dimorphic for eyespan, and these flies have become a model system for studying sexual selection. Using both expressed sequence tag and next-generation sequencing, we have established an extensive database of gene expression in the developing eye-antennal imaginal disc, the adult head and testes. Duplicated genes exhibit narrower expression patterns than non-duplicated genes, and the testes, in particular, provide an abundant source of gene duplication. Within somatic tissue, duplicated genes are more likely to be differentially expressed between the sexes, suggesting gene duplication may provide a mechanism for resolving sexual conflict.

Gene duplication might resolve intralocus sexual conflict

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 558-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Gallach ◽  
Esther Betrán
Keyword(s):  
Gene Duplication ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Intralocus Sexual Conflict

scholarly journals Intralocus sexual conflict can maintain alternative reproductive tactics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madilyn Marisa Gamble ◽  
Ryan G Calsbeek
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Alternative Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Frequency Dependent Selection ◽  
Intralocus Sexual Conflict ◽  
Maintenance Of Sex ◽  
Negative Frequency Dependent Selection

Alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) are ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom and widely regarded as an outcome of high variance in reproductive success. Proximate mechanisms underlying ARTs include genetically based polymorphisms, environmentally induced polymorphisms, and those mediated by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. However, few ultimate mechanisms have been proposed to explain the maintenance of ARTs over time, the most important of which have been disruptive and negative frequency-dependent selection. Here we explore the role that intralocus sexual conflict may play in the maintenance of sex-specific ARTs. We use a genetically explicit individual-based model in which body size influences both female fecundity and male tactic through a shared genetic architecture. By modeling ART maintenance under varying selection regimes and levels of sex-specific gene expression, we explore the conditions under which intralocus sexual conflict can maintain a hypothetical ART defined by larger (alpha) and smaller (beta) tactics. Our models consistently revealed that sexual conflict can result in the persistence of a sex-specific polymorphism over hundreds of generations, even in the absence of negative frequency-dependent selection. ARTs were maintained through correlated selection when one male ART has lower fitness but produces daughters with higher fitness. These results highlight the importance of understanding selection on both sexes when attempting to explain the maintenance of ARTs. Our results are consistent with a growing literature documenting genetic correlations between male ARTs and female fitness, suggesting that the maintenance of sex-specific ARTs through intralocus sexual conflict may be common and widespread in nature.

scholarly journals New genes and functional innovation in mammals

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Villanueva-Cañas ◽  
Jorge Ruiz-Orera ◽  
M.Isabel Agea ◽  
Maria Gallo ◽  
David Andreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Evolutionary Innovation ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
Mammalian Genes ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
New Protein

ABSTRACTThe birth of genes that encode new protein sequences is a major source of evolutionary innovation. However, we still understand relatively little about how these genes come into being and which functions they are selected for. To address these questions we have obtained a large collection of mammalian-specific gene families that lack homologues in other eukaryotic groups. We have combined gene annotations and de novo transcript assemblies from 30 different mamalian species, obtaining about 6,000 gene families. In general, the proteins in mammalian-specific gene families tend to be short and depleted in aromatic and negatively charged residues. Proteins which arose early in mammalian evolution include milk and skin polypeptides, immune response components, and proteins involved in reproduction. In contrast, the functions of proteins which have a more recent origin remain largely unknown, despite the fact that these proteins also have extensive proteomics support. We identify several previously described cases of genes originated de novo from non-coding genomic regions, supporting the idea that this mechanism frequently underlies the evolution of new protein-coding genes in mammals. Finally, we show that most young mammalian genes are preferentially expressed in testis, suggesting that sexual selection plays an important role in the emergence of new functional genes.

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