scholarly journals Winter temperature predicts prolonged diapause in pine processionary moth species across their geographic range

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md H.R. Salman ◽  
Carmelo P. Bonsignore ◽  
Ahmed El Alaoui El Fels ◽  
Folco Giomi ◽  
José A. Hodar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Range ◽  
Winter Temperature ◽  
Thaumetopoea Pityocampa ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Pine Processionary Moth ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Thermal Range ◽  
Risk Spreading ◽  
Prolonged Diapause ◽  
Diapause Incidence

Prolonged diapause occurs in a number of insects and is interpreted as a way to evade adverse conditions. The winter pine processionary moths (Thaumetopoea pityocampa and Th. wilkinsoni) are important pests of pines and cedars in the Mediterranean region. They are typically univoltine, with larvae feeding across the winter, pupating in spring in the soil and emerging as adults in summer. Pupae may, however, enter a prolonged diapause with adults emerging one or more years later. We tested the effect of variation in winter temperature on the incidence of prolonged diapause, using a total of 64 individual datasets related to insect cohorts over the period 1964–2015 for 36 sites in seven countries, covering most of the geographic range of both species. We found high variation in prolonged diapause incidence over their ranges. At both lower and upper ends of the thermal range in winter, prolonged diapause tended to be higher than at intermediate temperatures. Prolonged diapause may represent a risk-spreading strategy to mitigate climate uncertainty, although it may increase individual mortality because of a longer exposure to mortality factors such as predation, parasitism, diseases or energy depletion. Climate change, and in particular the increase of winter temperature, may reduce the incidence of prolonged diapause in colder regions whereas it may increase it in warmer ones, with consequences for population dynamics.

scholarly journals Winter temperature predicts prolonged diapause in pine processionary moth across its geographic range

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md H.R. Salman ◽  
Carmelo P. Bonsignore ◽  
My Ahmed El Alaoui El Fels ◽  
Folco Giomi ◽  
José A. Hodar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Range ◽  
Winter Temperature ◽  
Thaumetopoea Pityocampa ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Pine Processionary Moth ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Risk Spreading ◽  
Prolonged Diapause ◽  
Diapause Incidence

Prolonged diapause occurs in a number of insects and is interpreted as a way to evade adverse conditions. The winter pine processionary moths (Thaumetopoea pityocampa and Th. wilkinsoni) are important pest of pines and cedars in the Mediterranean region. They are typically univoltine, with larvae feeding across the winter, pupating in spring in the soil and emerging as adults in summer. Pupae may, however, enter a prolonged diapause with adults emerging one or more years later. We tested the effect of spatial variation in winter temperature on the incidence of prolonged diapause, using a total of 64 individual datasets related to insect cohorts over the period 1964-2015 for 36 sites in 7 countries, covering most of the geographic range of the species. We found high variation in prolonged diapause incidence over the species’ range. Insect cohorts exposed to average winter temperatures lower than 0°C were associated with higher prolonged diapause incidence than cohorts exposed to intermediate temperatures. Prolonged diapause may represent a risk-spreading strategy although it is associated with high mortality because of a longer exposure to mortality factors, desiccation, and energy depletion. Climate change, and in particular the increase of winter temperature, may reduce the incidence of prolonged diapause at the colder sites whereas it may increase it at the warmer ones, with consequences on the population dynamics.

scholarly journals Winter temperature predicts prolonged diapause in pine processionary moth across its geographic range

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md H.R. Salman ◽  
Carmelo P. Bonsignore ◽  
My Ahmed El Alaoui El Fels ◽  
Folco Giomi ◽  
José A. Hodar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Range ◽  
Winter Temperature ◽  
Thaumetopoea Pityocampa ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Pine Processionary Moth ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Risk Spreading ◽  
Prolonged Diapause ◽  
Diapause Incidence

Prolonged diapause occurs in a number of insects and is interpreted as a way to evade adverse conditions. The winter pine processionary moths (Thaumetopoea pityocampa and Th. wilkinsoni) are important pest of pines and cedars in the Mediterranean region. They are typically univoltine, with larvae feeding across the winter, pupating in spring in the soil and emerging as adults in summer. Pupae may, however, enter a prolonged diapause with adults emerging one or more years later. We tested the effect of spatial variation in winter temperature on the incidence of prolonged diapause, using a total of 64 individual datasets related to insect cohorts over the period 1964-2015 for 36 sites in 7 countries, covering most of the geographic range of the species. We found high variation in prolonged diapause incidence over the species’ range. Insect cohorts exposed to average winter temperatures lower than 0°C were associated with higher prolonged diapause incidence than cohorts exposed to intermediate temperatures. Prolonged diapause may represent a risk-spreading strategy although it is associated with high mortality because of a longer exposure to mortality factors, desiccation, and energy depletion. Climate change, and in particular the increase of winter temperature, may reduce the incidence of prolonged diapause at the colder sites whereas it may increase it at the warmer ones, with consequences on the population dynamics.

scholarly journals Monitoring of adult emergence in the pine processionary moth between 1970 and 1984 in Mont Ventoux, France

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Martin ◽  
Jean-Pierre Rossi ◽  
Maurane Buradino ◽  
Carole Kerdelhué
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Thaumetopoea Pityocampa ◽  
Pine Processionary Moth ◽  
Processionary Moth ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Prolonged Diapause ◽  
Exact Origin

The current climate change has marked impacts on the phenology of species, i.e. the timing of the various stages of their life cycle. Yet, to fully understand how phenological patterns can be modified according to changes in temperature regimes, it is of prime importance to rely on high quality historical data. Here, we propose a very valuable dataset including individual monitoring from pupation to adult emergence of 46 479 individuals of pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) surveyed between 1970 and 1984 in southern France along an altitudinal gradient. As optional prolonged diapause occurs in this species, i.e. some individuals experience one or more years of diapause before emerging, the caterpillars sampled in any given year were monitored during up to 5 years. The goal was to give precise information about phenology in this species to further analyse its temporal patterns of variation. This dataset is unique by its richness and the type of data it contains. Phenology in the pine processionary moth is often monitored by the use of pheromone traps in the field, which does not provide all the necessary information, because it is then not possible to trace back the exact origin of the moth trapped, nor to characterise other steps of the life cycle. Moreover, as it corresponds to historical data dating back to the 70s and the 80s, the dataset provides a historical baseline of trends in the pre-warming period.

Ömer Besçeli: an unnoticed researcher in the history of pine processionary moth pupation research

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Kahraman İpekdal ◽  
Mustafa Avci
Keyword(s):  
General Pattern ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Thaumetopoea Pityocampa ◽  
Pine Processionary Moth ◽  
Processionary Moth ◽  
Thaumetopoea Wilkinsoni ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Continuous Support ◽  
Prolonged Diapause

Pine processionary moths, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams, 1924 and Thaumetopoea pityocampa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) are among the most destructive pine pests in Mediterranean basin. Their larvae descend to the ground from the canopy in spring for pupation and rest there until late summer. Although this is the general pattern, pupal period is a plastic feature and can be prolonged for up to several years. It is considered one of several difficulties of processionary moth management as such a plasticity provides a continuous support from the underground reservoir to the pest population. This phenomenon has been known for a long time and its discovery has been attributed to Guy Démolin; renowned INRA (France) researcher. Here, we report an unnoticed researcher, Ömer Besçeli, from Turkey who published the phenomenon of prolonged diapause in the pine processionary moth earlier.

Interactions between pupae of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) and parasitoids in a Pinus forest

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.P. Bonsignore ◽  
F. Manti ◽  
E. Castiglione
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Thaumetopoea Pityocampa ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Pine Processionary Moth ◽  
Processionary Moth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Forest Lepidoptera

AbstractParasitoids are significant enemies of many economically important insects and there is some evidence to suggest that their actions have a role in terminating the outbreaks of forest Lepidoptera populations. In this study, we examined the impact of parasitoids on the pupae of the pine processionary moth, and highlighted the presence of several parasitoid species for this developmental stage. A higher rate of parasitism was found when the pupal density in the soil was reduced, but the rate of parasitism was not influenced by pupal morphological traits or by the presence or absence of a cocoon around a pupa. Of the external factors examined, a delay in the time of descent of larvae from the trees had a positive effect on the level of parasitism. Observational data indicated that dipteran and hymenopteran were the most abundant parasitoids to emerge from moth pupae. Our study highlights the complexity of the parasitoid–host dynamics, and stresses the importance of carefully determining environmental effects on host–parasitoid relations.

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