scholarly journals Elaborated pollen packaging and dispensing mechanism induced by petal architecture from a Papaveraceae species

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7066
Author(s):  
Shanlin Yang ◽  
Guangming Chu ◽  
Xiang Shi ◽  
Shaoming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Pollination Efficiency ◽  
Pollen Transfer ◽  
Mixed Mating System ◽  
Secondary Pollen Presentation ◽  
Pollen Presentation ◽  
Total Pollen

Secondary pollen presentation (SPP) is a reproductive strategy that enhances the efficiency of pollen transfer, which has been explored for more than 200 years, resulting in 10 identified types of SPP. The ephemeral plant Hypecoum erectum L. (Papaveraceae) has an elaborate petal structure. The middle lobe is a key functional organ in SPP. To explore the importance of the middle lobe structure, we measured the flowering process, the curling movement and growth of the middle lobe, pollination characteristics, pollination efficiency, and the mating system in H. erectum in the field. The yellow middle lobe structure had an important role in attracting pollinators. The middle lobes on the inner petals function as a redundant cucullate structure and wrapped about 84% of the total pollen grains as soon as the anthers dehisced. These then grew upward and gradually presented pollen to pollinators via the roll out of the middle lobes. One bee species, Colletes vestitus from Colletidae, was the only effective pollinator of H. erectum. The SPP mechanism increased the efficiency of pollen transfer by C. vestitus. The middle lobes, which wrapped pollen and grew upward, contacted the stigma and provided an advantage for self-pollination and outcrossing by growing upward higher than the corolla. Hypecoum erectum L. has a mixed mating system with selfing and outcrossing. Thus, the SPP mechanism plays a key role during the pollination process and is necessary for improving pollination efficiency and promoting reproductive success.

scholarly journals Secondary pollen presentation and foral traits of Heliconia psittacorum

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-458
Author(s):  
Talita Oliveira Nascimento ◽  
Patricia Campos Silva ◽  
Vivian Loges ◽  
Sandra Mariotto ◽  
Willian Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Deposition ◽  
Pollen Transfer ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Secondary Pollen Presentation ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Pollen Presentation

The secondary presentation of pollen consists of a foral mechanism where the presentation of pollen occurs in other foral structures in addition to the anther, in order to increase the precision of the dispersion of the pollen by the vectors. This study aims to describe the temporal dynamics of secondary pollen presentation, and morphological and morphometric characteristics in stages of pre- anthesis and anthesis in genotypes of fve natural Heliconia psittacorum populations. For the study of foral morphometry traits of length of the fower, stamen, stigma and height of flament insertion in the petal in bud and fower were measured. The foral morphology of pre-anthesis buds and fowers in anthesis, the presence or absence of characteristics such as herkogamy, region of flament insertion in the petal, region of stylar hairs, and of secondary pollen deposition were evaluated. Treatments of controlled pollinations, self-pollination, geitonogamy, cross-pollination, natural pollination and growth to pollen tube were sampled. Floral herkogamy and pollen transfer to the adhered hairs in the stylar region were clearly observed during anthesis, constituting the frst record of occurrence of secondary pollen presentation in Heliconiaceae. Pollen tube growth was inhibited in the stigmatic, style and basal regions of the pistil. Natural fruiting produced little or no fruit. The positioning of the stamens above the stigma, pollen viability and stigma receptivity during anthesis of H. psittacorum fowers may favor self-pollination. The stylar hairs observed in all H. psittacorum populations’ help in the retention of pollen grains. The low fruiting rate in controlled and natural pollinations suggest that the main propagation form of H. psittacorum in the study areas is based on asexual reproduction.

scholarly journals Mixed Mating System Are Regulated by Fecundity in Shorea curtisii (Dipterocarpaceae) as Revealed by Comparison under Different Pollen Limited Conditions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e0123445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Tani ◽  
Yoshihiko Tsumura ◽  
Keita Fukasawa ◽  
Tomoyuki Kado ◽  
Yuriko Taguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Mixed Mating System

scholarly journals Wild sorghum from different eco-geographic regions of Kenya display a mixed mating system

2011 ◽  
Vol 122 (8) ◽  
pp. 1631-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses M. Muraya ◽  
Evans Mutegi ◽  
Hartwig H. Geiger ◽  
Santie M. de Villiers ◽  
Fabrice Sagnard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Wild Sorghum ◽  
Mixed Mating System ◽  
Geographic Regions

Herbivory alters the expression of a mixed-mating system

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 1046-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette A. Steets ◽  
Tia-Lynn Ashman
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Mixed Mating System

scholarly journals Variation in reproductive effort, genetic diversity and mating systems across Posidonia australis seagrass meadows in Western Australia

AoB Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Sinclair ◽  
Jane M Edgeloe ◽  
Janet M Anthony ◽  
John Statton ◽  
Martin F Breed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Mixed Mating System ◽  
Shark Bay ◽  
Range Edge

Abstract Populations at the edges of their geographical range tend to have lower genetic diversity, smaller effective population sizes and limited connectivity relative to centre of range populations. Range edge populations are also likely to be better adapted to more extreme conditions for future survival and resilience in warming environments. However, they may also be most at risk of extinction from changing climate. We compare reproductive and genetic data of the temperate seagrass, Posidonia australis on the west coast of Australia. Measures of reproductive effort (flowering and fruit production and seed to ovule ratios) and estimates of genetic diversity and mating patterns (nuclear microsatellite DNA loci) were used to assess sexual reproduction in northern range edge (low latitude, elevated salinities, Shark Bay World Heritage Site) and centre of range (mid-latitude, oceanic salinity, Perth metropolitan waters) meadows in Western Australia. Flower and fruit production were highly variable among meadows and there was no significant relationship between seed to ovule ratio and clonal diversity. However, Shark Bay meadows were two orders of magnitude less fecund than those in Perth metropolitan waters. Shark Bay meadows were characterized by significantly lower levels of genetic diversity and a mixed mating system relative to meadows in Perth metropolitan waters, which had high genetic diversity and a completely outcrossed mating system. The combination of reproductive and genetic data showed overall lower sexual productivity in Shark Bay meadows relative to Perth metropolitan waters. The mixed mating system is likely driven by a combination of local environmental conditions and pollen limitation. These results indicate that seagrass restoration in Shark Bay may benefit from sourcing plant material from multiple reproductive meadows to increase outcrossed pollen availability and seed production for natural recruitment.

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