MANAGING PERSONNEL IN SUSTAINED SPILL RESPONSE EFFORTS

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Vincent Cantwell
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Sustained Performance ◽  
Safety Effectiveness

ABSTRACT Although human performance varies greatly between and within individuals, it can generally be predicted from a number of physiological and psychophysiological factors that are common to all humankind, regardless of the operational environment. These include the effects that circadian influences, disrupted sleep, sleep loss, physical exertion, and other factors, including caffeine, alcohol, and over-the-counter medications, have on performance, cognition, and response time, and therefore on the safety of any planned or emergency response operation. Particularly when operational demands require sustained performance in a hazardous time- and cost-sensitive environment, such as during spill response operations, these physiological considerations must be factored into the planning and execution of response operations if maximal safety, effectiveness, and cost efficiency are to be preserved.

THE HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY UNDERLYING ALERTNESS, RISK, AND PERFORMANCE IN THE OIL TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
Vincent Cantwell
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Regulatory Climate ◽  
Safety Awareness ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACT Although human performance varies greatly between and even within individuals, it may nevertheless be generally predicted by a number of physiological and psychophysiological factors common to all humankind, regardless of the operational environment. These include the effects that circadian influences, disrupted sleep, sleep loss, and other factors, including caffeine, alcohol, and over-the-counter medications, have on performance, cognition, and response time and therefore the safety of any planned or emergency response operation. Given the environmental, litigious, and regulatory climate surrounding marine oil transportation and transfer operations, these factors must be incorporated into the operational environment by whatever means possible if maximal safety, awareness, and preparedness are to be assured. This may be accomplished at minimal cost, first, by training vessel and shore-side personnel in the underlying physiology and psychophysiology contributing to performance decrements and increased risk-taking behavior, and second, by enacting specific countermeasures that may be immediately implemented to mitigate the effects of fatigue and improve the quality of sleep achieved “off watch.” Given the research efforts identifying the performance-related problems in the marine environment and the reported efficacy of the solutions that are implemented, to further ignore these issues is considered irresponsible at all levels of management and operational responsibility.

Examining Methods for Combining Speed and Accuracy in a Go/No-Go Vigilance Task

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1202-1206
Author(s):  
Shane T. Mueller ◽  
Lamia Alam ◽  
Gregory J. Funke ◽  
Anne Linja ◽  
Tauseef Ibne Mamun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Vigilance Decrement ◽  
Performance Tasks ◽  
Linear Ballistic Accumulator ◽  
Linear Ballistic Accumulator Model ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Measures Of Performance

In many human performance tasks, researchers assess performance by measuring both accuracy and response time. A number of theoretical and practical approaches have been proposed to obtain a single performance value that combines these measures, with varying degrees of success. In this report, we examine data from a common paradigm used in applied human factors assessment: a go/no-go vigilance task (Smith et al., 2019). We examined whether 12 different measures of performance were sensitive to the vigilance decrement induced by the design, and also examined how the different measures were correlated. Results suggest that most combined measures were slight improvements over accuracy or response time alone, with the most sensitive and representative result coming from the Linear Ballistic Accumulator model. Practical lessons for applying these measures are discussed.

Teaming with Technology at the TSA: Practical Methods for Enhancing Human Performance with Automation in Operational Environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 639-640
Author(s):  
Kristopher Korbelak ◽  
Jeffrey Dressel ◽  
David Band ◽  
Jennifer Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Cognitive Constraints ◽  
Organizational Influence ◽  
Transportation Security Administration ◽  
System Use ◽  
Discussion Panel ◽  
System Characteristics

Automated systems are not only commonplace but often are a necessity to complete highly specialized tasks across many operational environments. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) aims to enhance human performance and increase safety through the acquisition and implementation of various types of automated systems. The Human Performance Branch (HPB) at TSA supports this aim through research on human factors that influence interactions with automation. Knowledge gained from HPB efforts informs TSA of the automated systems that will best suit worker needs, how to integrate these systems into the general workflow, and the relevant human factors that will support proper system use and, ultimately, enhance human performance. This discussion panel reviews a theoretical framework the TSA can use to guide assessment of multiple drivers of human performance in a consistent and standardized fashion as well as several TSA projects investigating three categories of human factors known to influence performance with automation – human (i.e., individual differences, cognitive constraints), context (e.g., organizational influence, environment), and system characteristics (e.g., type of automation) – and how those factors can be accounted for in the operational environment.

scholarly journals A survey of mathematical models of human performance using power and energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Sarthy M. Sreedhara ◽  
Gregory M. Mocko ◽  
Randolph E. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Critical Power ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Health Performance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Power And Energy ◽  
Two Parameter ◽  
Individual Training

AbstractThe ability to predict the systematic decrease of power during physical exertion gives valuable insights into health, performance, and injury. This review surveys the research of power-based models of fatigue and recovery within the area of human performance. Upon a thorough review of available literature, it is observed that the two-parameter critical power model is most popular due to its simplicity. This two-parameter model is a hyperbolic relationship between power and time with critical power as the power-asymptote and the curvature constant denoted by W′. Critical power (CP) is a theoretical power output that can be sustained indefinitely by an individual, and the curvature constant (W′) represents the amount of work that can be done above CP. Different methods and models have been validated to determine CP and W′, most of which are algebraic manipulations of the two-parameter model. The models yield different CP and W′ estimates for the same data depending on the regression fit and rounding off approximations. These estimates, at the subject level, have an inherent day-to-day variability called intra-individual variability (IIV) associated with them, which is not captured by any of the existing methods. This calls for a need for new methods to arrive at the IIV associated with CP and W′. Furthermore, existing models focus on the expenditure of W′ for efforts above CP and do not model its recovery in the sub-CP domain. Thus, there is a need for methods and models that account for (i) the IIV to measure the effectiveness of individual training prescriptions and (ii) the recovery of W′ to aid human performance optimization.

scholarly journals Uncovering Residual Effects of Chronic Sleep Loss on Human Performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (14) ◽  
pp. 14ra3-14ra3 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Cohen ◽  
W. Wang ◽  
J. K. Wyatt ◽  
R. E. Kronauer ◽  
D.-J. Dijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Chronic Sleep
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