Identification of Parameters Required to Reduce Emergency Response Time for An Integrated Facility

Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) of presumed cardiac origin witnessed by nonfamily members in the daytime are most effectively resuscitated in the youth, in which the impact of recently disseminated hands-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is poorly understood. Hypothesis: Dissemination of hands-only CPR is associated with the better outcome in school students and young adults after such OHCA. Methods: We investigated OHCA of presumed cardiac origin in the youth (Group A, 7-12y; group B, 13-18y; group C, 19-22y; group D, 23-35y) which are witnessed by nonfamily members in the daytime (6:00-17:59) during 2005-15 by using Japanese nationwide Utstein registry. Results: We recruited 1,646 pts, in which N of pts was 92 (A), 382 (B), 229 (C) and 943 (D); ventricular fibrillation (VF) as the initial rhythm (%) was 48, 70, 64, and 59; bystander’s CPR (%) was 81, 80, 71 and 68; hands-only/bystander’s CPR (%) was 32, 38, 57, 56; bystander’s automated external defibrillator (AED) (%) was 37, 44, 24 and 19; the favorable neurological outcome at 1 month (CPC1-2)(%) was 46, 49, 39 and 30. Compared with group D, %bystander’s CPR (p=.013 in A, <.001 in B), %bystander’s AED (<.001 in both), and %CPC1-2 (.005, <.001) was higher but %hands-only CPR(<.001 in both) was lower in A and B, independent of the calendar year. Compared with 2005-09, %hands-only CPR, %bystander’s AED and CPC1-2 were higher in all age groups (<.005 in all) in 2010-15. In multivariate logistic analysis (gender, age groups (vs D), CPR type (conventional or hands-only CPR vs no CPR), bystander’s AED, the initial VF, emergency response time, calendar year), hands-only CPR (p=.03), bystander’s AED(<.001), female gender(.045), initial VF (<.001), emergency response time (<.001), and calendar year (<.001) were independently associated with CPC1-2. Conclusions: The present investigation demonstrates that resuscitation and outcome parameters after OHCA of presumed cardiac origin were persistently better in school students than young adults and that %hands-only CPR, which was persistently lower in school students, was independently associated with the better outcome in the youth overall. This finding may give a clue to further improvement of the outcomes in school students after OHCA.

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Time required to notify 9-1-1 with automated collision notification systems

Journal of Emergency Management ◽

10.5055/jem.2007.0023 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Alan J. Blatt, BS, MEng ◽

Dietrich Von Kuenssberg Jehle, MD, FACEP ◽

Anthony J. Billittier IV, MD, FACEP ◽

David G. Wagner, MD ◽

Jill Schleifer-Schneggenburger, BS, MEng

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Response Time ◽

Emergency Response ◽

Field Test ◽

Traditional Method ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Motor Vehicle Crash ◽

Percent Confidence Interval ◽

System A ◽

Time Required

Background: Automated Collision Notification (ACN) systems reduce emergency response time to a vehicular crash by immediately alerting a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) of the collision and its details.Methods: An operational field test was performed to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of the ACN system: a total of 874 vehicles were equipped with ACN systems and, for a period of 29 months, all collisions involving these vehicles were included in a study of the automatic notification time. Fifteen collisions of ACN-equipped vehicles registered with a PSAP. Both the time for the ACN notification to be received and the time for a traditional method of notification to be received were recorded for each crash.Results: The ACN notified a PSAP of a collision in an average time of 74.2 seconds and between 79.9 and 456.1 seconds sooner than a traditional notification method (paired mean difference 95 percent confidence interval).Conclusion: The ACN system significantly improves emergency notification time to a motor vehicle crash.

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Siting Emergency Response Teams: Tradeoffs Among Response Time, Risk, Risk Equity and Cost

Transportation of Hazardous Materials ◽

10.1007/978-1-4615-3222-4_9 ◽

1993 ◽

pp. 117-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

George F. List

Keyword(s):

Response Time ◽

Emergency Response ◽

Risk Equity

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Optimal allocation of emergency response services for managing disasters

Disaster Prevention and Management An International Journal ◽

10.1108/dpm-10-2013-0182 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 329-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Evangelos Mitsakis ◽

Iraklis Stamos ◽

Jose Maria Salanova Grau ◽

Georgia Aifadopoulou

Keyword(s):

Response Time ◽

Objective Function ◽

Disaster Management ◽

Emergency Response ◽

Optimal Allocation ◽

Response Times ◽

Maximum Response ◽

Content Type ◽

Maximum Response Time ◽

Emergency Response Services

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present and apply a methodology that optimally assigns emergency response services (ERS) stations in Peloponnesus, Greece that was severely hit by wildfires in 2007, in an effort to describe the actual emergency response in this disaster and identify disaster management possibilities that can arise from the optimal allocation of the existing fire stations. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology concerns the development of an objective function that aims to minimize maximum and average response times of ERS stations and the evaluation of developed scenarios. Simulated annealing is used for the minimization of the objective function, providing near-optimal solutions with low computation times for medium-scale networks. Findings – The findings concern the comparison of average and maximum response times of ERS stations to hearths of fire, based on their actual and optimal allocation. They reveal an overall reduction in the average and maximum response time by 20 and 30 percent, respectively, for the entire region, while there is a reduction of 15 and 35 percent in the average and maximum response time for the locations affected by the 2007 wildfires. Research limitations/implications – The methodology is formulated as a facility location problem with unitary demand and unlimited capacity in the stations, which means that the allocation does not take into account simultaneous events. Originality/value – The paper fulfills an identified need to apply innovative research solutions to actual case studies in order to identify existing gaps and future disaster management possibilities.

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Emergency Response Times for Fatal Motor Vehicle Crashes, 1975–2017

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198120927698 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2674 (8) ◽

pp. 504-510

Author(s):

Maria C. Cruz ◽

Nicholas N. Ferenchak

Keyword(s):

Response Time ◽

Emergency Response ◽

Traffic Safety ◽

Road Safety ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Response Times ◽

The United States ◽

Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽

Vehicle Crashes ◽

National Trend

Emergency response times are an important component of road safety outcomes. Research has shown that there are potential benefits from shortened response times in patient outcomes for motor vehicle crashes. While a safety analysis may identify a decrease in traffic fatalities, that decrease may be a result of improved road safety or it may simply reflect improved emergency response times. However, it is currently unclear how emergency response times have changed over the last few decades. With data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), we identify the national trend in emergency response times from 1975 through 2017. To control for changes in response time, we analyze crashes that resulted in an immediate death. Results suggest that emergency response times have improved by approximately 50% over this timeframe. Additionally, we analyze response time trends in three states (North Carolina, Georgia, and Louisiana) that had consistent data and large sample sizes, finding patterns similar to the national trend. Outcomes suggest higher response times in rural areas. High standard deviations of average response times observed from 2003 to 2008 indicate a need for improvement in data collection. Future work could aim to better understand and reduce response times specific to certain regions and understand the effect of the popularization of cell phone usage. Our findings have important implications for fatality-based traffic safety analyses. Improving response time could help continue the trend of reduced mortality rates caused by motor vehicle crashes in the United States.

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