The Estimation of Critical Angle in Climbing as a Measure of Maximal Metabolic Steady State

Purpose: Sport climbing is a technical, self-paced sport, and the workload is highly variable and mainly localized to the forearm flexors. It has not proved effective to control intensity using measures typical of other sports, such as gas exchange thresholds, heart rate, or blood lactate. Therefore, the purposes of the study were to (1) determine the possibility of applying the mathematical model of critical power to the estimation of a critical angle (CA) as a measure of maximal metabolic steady state in climbing and (2) to compare this intensity with the muscle oxygenation breakpoint (MOB) determined during an exhaustive climbing task.Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven sport climbers undertook three to five exhaustive ascents on a motorized treadwall at differing angles to estimate CA, and one exhaustive climbing test with a progressive increase in angle to determine MOB, assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).Results: Model fit for estimated CA was very high (R2 = 0.99; SEE = 1.1°). The mean peak angle during incremental test was −17 ± 5°, and CA from exhaustive trials was found at −2.5 ± 3.8°. Nine climbers performing the ascent 2° under CA were able to sustain the task for 20 min with perceived exertion at 12.1 ± 1.9 (RPE). However, climbing 2° above CA led to task failure after 15.9 ± 3.0 min with RPE = 16.4 ± 1.9. When MOB was plotted against estimated CA, good agreement was stated (ICC = 0.80, SEM = 1.5°).Conclusion: Climbers, coaches, and researchers may use a predefined route with three to five different wall angles to estimate CA as an analog of critical power to determine a maximal metabolic steady state in climbing. Moreover, a climbing test with progressive increases in wall angle using MOB also appears to provide a valid estimate of CA.

The Meaning of Millennial Generation Text: Reception Analysis of #KidsJamanNow

<p><em>The term ‘Kids Jaman Now’ (Children Today) appears on various social media sites through content that represents the activities of young people in the current era. There are more than 1.6 million pieces of content on Instagram and more than 270 thousand pieces of content on YouTube which use the hashtag ‘Kids Jaman Now’. Through these contents, young people are perceived as a narcissistic, individualistic generation with a setback in moral values. This study uses reception analysis by conducting in depth interviews on a number of millennial generation informants who consume ‘Kids Jaman Now’ contents to find out how they interpret the content. This study aims to show that young people who use social media are not consumers who receive messages passively; they have critical power towards the content they consume as digital natives who have better literacy than previous generations. The millennial generation has three different acceptances of this phenomenon. The first considers the content of ‘Kids Jaman Now’ to represent a narcissistic, individualistic, and deteriorating moral values generation. The second considers ‘Kids Jaman Now’ content as creativity for young people who entertain others and master digital communication technology.</em></p>

STUDY OF CRITICAL POWER INTERRUPTION FOR SELFSTARTING SUCCESS

The work is devoted to modeling electromechanical transients when powered from a local source. The object of the study is TKG-1 «Pervomayskaya CHPP», LLC «Shchekinoazot». The time critical for maintaining the initial mode of power interruption is obtained when the design conditions are varied. The problem of evaluating the success of self-launching is programmatically solved in Matlab.

Reorientasi Kurikulum dan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Pada Era Disrupsi Teknologi

The era of technological disruption is one of the characteristics and challenges of human life and civilization in the 21st century. So that it has an impact on the urgency of reorienting the curriculum and learning of Islamic Religious Education. The purpose of this study is to reveal the challenges, facts and phenomena of curriculum disorientation and learning in Islamic Religious Education. The research method in this article uses a qualitative approach to library research, which is descriptive and radical in which the researcher describes and explores the topic of program reorientation or curriculum formulation and learning of Islamic religious education which is full of challenges during this technological disruption. The results of this study are the need to strengthen and formulate Islamic Religious Education curriculum and learning that focuses on strengthening the goal of fostering human beings and affirming two human dimensions as caliph fil ard and Abdullah. As well as the need for the formulation and embodiment of curriculum and learning that trains the critical power of the nation's generation.

The Impact of Elevated Body Core Temperature on Critical Power as Determined by a 3-min All-Out Test

Critical power (CP) delineates the heavy and severe exercise intensity domains, and sustained work rates above CP result in an inexorable progression of oxygen uptake to a maximal value and, subsequently, the limit of exercise tolerance. The finite work capacity above CP, W′, is defined by the curvature constant of the power-duration relationship. Heavy or severe exercise in a hot environment generates additional challenges related to the rise in body core temperature (Tc) that may impact CP and W′. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of elevated Tc on CP and W′. CP and W′ were estimated by end-test power (EP; mean of final 30s) and work above end-test power (WEP), respectively, from 3-min "all-out" tests performed on a cycle ergometer. Volunteers (n = 8, 4 female) performed the 3-min tests during a familiarization visit and two experimental visits (Thermoneutral vs Hot, randomized crossover design). Before experimental 3-min tests, subjects were immersed in water (Thermoneutral: 36°C for 30 min; Hot: 40.5°C until Tc was ≥ 38.5°C). Mean Tc was significantly greater in Hot compared to Thermoneutral (38.5±0.0°C vs. 37.4±0.2°C; mean±SD, P<0.01). All 3-min tests were performed in an environmental chamber (Thermoneutral: 18°C, 45% RH; Hot: 38°C, 40% RH). EP was similar between Thermoneutral (239 ± 57W) and Hot (234 ± 66W; P = 0.55). WEP was similar between Thermoneutral (10.9 ± 3.0 kJ) and Hot (9.3 ± 3.6; P = 0.19). These results suggest that elevated Tc has no significant impact on EP or WEP.