Physical exertion at work and addictive behaviors: tobacco, cannabis, alcohol, sugar and fat consumption: longitudinal analyses in the CONSTANCES cohort

We examined the prospective association of physical exertion at work with subsequent tobacco, cannabis, alcohol use, and sugar and fat consumption. Volunteers of the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort currently employed were included from 2012 to 2017 for tobacco and cannabis outcomes (n = 100,612), and from 2012 to 2016 for alcohol and sugar and fat outcomes (n = 75,414). High level of physical exertion at work was defined as a score ≥ 12 at the Rating Perceived Exertion Borg scale. Substance use was self-reported and diet rich in sugar and fat was obtained from principal component analysis and analyzed as quartiles. Generalized linear models computed odds of substance use and sugar and fat consumption at follow-up according to baseline physical exertion at work, while adjusting for sociodemographic factors, depressive symptoms and baseline level of consumption. High physical exertion was associated with tobacco use with dose-dependent relationships. It was also associated with increased odds of cannabis use at least once per month compared to no use in the past and with increased odds of diet rich in sugar and fat. Hence, the role of physical exertion at work on tobacco and cannabis use and diet rich in sugar and fat should be tackled for information and prevention strategies.

The fifth stage of the research оn the project «Saumal-tour»: results and prospects

The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of the combination of saumal consumption, physical exertion and staying in the middle mountains on the human body. Saumal or fresh mare's milk is an excellent alternative to cow's milk when feeding children or the elderly. The therapeutic properties of mare's milk were used by the ancestors of the Kazakh people 5 thousand years ago. The article provides data on the dosed use of saumal in combination with physical exertion and staying in the middle mountains for 5 years in order to improve the health of older athletes. The research methodology is based on the analysis of tourist and medical literature, system analysis, and also includes a stating experiment. The project is based on a combination of the therapeutic and health-improving potential of the climate of the Middle mountains, technologies of sports and health tourism and ancient traditions of the peoples of Central Asia on the use of saumal. The accumulated experience allows us to draw the following conclusions: 1) as a person stays in mid-mountain conditions, the body's resistance to a lack of oxygen increases, people's well-being improves, body functions stabilize, and efficiency increases; 2) all participants in the collection significantly reduced their weight, blood pressure and heart rate leveled off to the age norm; 3) the working capacity has significantly increased; 4) the prophylactic efficacy of Saumal and the restorative potential for aged athletes who had suffered a stroke and heart attack were revealed; 5) in the process of using saumal, the intellectual activity of the participants increases.

Association between occupational physical activity and quantitative bone ultrasound in sawmill workers

A small number of studies have examined the relationship between bone health and level of physical load. We explored the effect of occupational physical activity on skeletal status in younger sawmill workers using ultrasonic indices of bone density. In a cross-sectional study, we measured bone density with quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in 128 sawmill workers (89 men and 39 women), mean age 39.1 +/- 10.8 years. Back strength was measured by dynamometry. Information on occupational and leisure physical activity, joint pain, education and smoking were obtained with the questionnaire. All QUS bone parameters and back strength were significantly higher in men than in women. A T score for quantitative ultrasound index (QUI) of − 2.2 or lower was found only in two men and one women. QUI did not significantly differ based on presence of parameters of physical occupational activity (carrying loads exceeding 5 kg, repetitive movements, physical exertion while working and non-sitting position at work). When controlling for age, gender and body mass index, participants with higher smoking index had significantly lower QUI (p=0.004). Physical workload was not significantly associated with QUI. In our working population, some lifestyle habits, such as smoking, had a greater impact on bone health than physical occupational activity.

ASSESSMENT OF RESIDUAL EFFECTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF COVID-19 IN ELDERLY AND SENILE PEOPLE IN SHYMKENT

Первые случаи COVID-19 в Казахстане начали регистрироваться в марте 2020г. и на середину июля по официальным данным было уже зарегистрировано почти 60 тысяч случаев, в том числе 373 летальных (0,6%). Понимание истинного бремени заболевания является важным для усиления системы общественного здравоохранения и своевременного корректирования карантинных и смягчающих мер в современном мире. Название инфекции COVID-19 появилось благодаря англоязычной аббревиатуре «Coronavirus Disease 2019». Большая часть пациентов с COVID-19 полностью выздоравливает. Однако, у части из них остаются остаточные явления - одышка при легкой физической нагрузке, легкий кашель, боли и дискомфорт в области лопаток, ухудшение показателей функции сердца, отсутствие обоняния и вкуса, снижение зрения, повышенная утомляемость, бессонница, нарушение менструального цикла, выпадение волос, депрессивное состояние. Остаточные явления в значительной степени снижают качество жизни пациентов, особенно у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста, переболевших COVID-19, мешая вести прежний образ жизни, ухудшая работоспособность и способность выдерживать психоэмоциональные нагрузки. В данной статье проведена оценка остаточных явлений и последствий COVID-19 у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста г. Шымкент. The first cases of COVID-19 in Kazakhstan began to be registered in March 2020. and by mid-July, according to official data, almost 60 thousand cases were already registered, including 373 fatal (0.6%). Understanding the true burden of the disease is important for strengthening the public health system and timely correction of quarantine and mitigation measures in the modern world. The name of the COVID-19 infection appeared due to the English-language abbreviation «Coronavirus Disease 2019». Most of the patients with COVID-19 fully recover. However, some of them have residual phenomena-shortness of breath with light physical exertion, a slight cough, pain and discomfort in the shoulder blades, deterioration of heart function, lack of smell and taste, decreased vision, increased fatigue, insomnia, menstrual cycle disorders, hair loss, depression. Residual phenomena significantly reduce the quality of life of patients, especially in elderly and senile people who have had COVID-19, preventing them from leading a previous lifestyle, impairing their performance and ability to withstand psychoemotional loads. This article evaluates the residual effects and consequences of COVID-19 in elderly and senile people in Shymkent.

Еffects of percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord in combination with mechanotherapy on changes in systemic and regional hemodynamics

Objective: to evaluate changes in systemic and cerebral hemodynamics during percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord and in combination of electrical stimulation with mechanotherapy. Methodology. The subjects underwent percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord, the duration of the session was 5 minutes. Mechanotherapy was performed using a treadmill. The subjects performed walking at a power of 25W. for 5 minutes. Hemodynamics was evaluated before and after the electrical stimulation session, as well as before and after the mechanical therapy session on the track in combination with percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord. To study systemic and regional hemodynamics, a rheograph-polyanalyzer "REAN-POLY" was used. Results. Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord does not lead to significant changes in systemic and cerebral hemodynamics. Percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord in combination with physical exertion leads to reactive changes in systemic hemodynamics, increased blood filling and venous outflow, against the background of a decrease in peripheral resistance of cerebral vessels. Key words: electrostimulation, percutaneous electrostimulation, mechanotherapy, systemic hemodynamics, regional hemodynamics.

Children's burial of the 7th century from Beslan kurgan cemetery in the focus of complex interdisciplinary research

The comprehensive study of children's burials has become one of the most topical areas of archaeological research in recent decades. Peculiarities of the burial rites of juvenile individuals, their diseases and physical development parameters serve as an important indicator of the social status, reflecting as in a mirror the historical moment and specific cultural traditions. Our article presents the results of a study of an unusual child burial in archaeological context and anthropological data. It was carried out in a suburb on the periphery of barrow 876 in podpoi burial 2 of the Beslan kurgan catacomb cemetery (RNO-Alania), dating to the middle of the 7th century AD. Multidisciplinary analysis of the bone remains suggests that this 4-5 year old individual, with a bronze chain around his neck, at the time of burial had experienced repeated physiological stresses and significant physical exertion during his short life and was almost two times behind modern standards in terms of growth rate. But this child's head was intentionally deformed, and his frontal bone shows traces of extensive trepanation with no signs of healing, which does not rule out the high lifetime social status of this buried child and/or his parents.

A Gendered Analysis of Work, Stress and Mental Health, Among Professional and Non-Professional Workers

This study examines the differences in mental health experiences of workers in professional and non-professional roles, with a particular focus on the influence of gender. We examine: i) the perceived mental health of a subset of professional workers including accounting, academia, dentistry, medicine, nursing, and teaching, chosen because they represent different gender composition and sectors; and ii) work stress and work absences. Statistical analyses were applied to data from the Canadian Community Health Survey and a related Mental Health and Well-Being survey. Those in the selected professions reported better mental health, higher job satisfaction, and a lower prevalence of mental disorders, but higher self-perceived life and work stress compared to workers in non-professional roles. Workers in these professions reported higher job security and higher job control, but also higher psychological demands. Women in these professions showed significantly higher physical exertion and lower job authority and higher rates of work absences.

The Disrupted and Realigned Self: Exploring the Narratives of New Zealanders with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

<p>Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) causes pronounced, debilitating fatigue that is not alleviated by rest, along with muscle and joint weakness, pain, cognitive difficulties and can be worsened through mental and physical exertion. However, it is also without an aetiology, and there is little consensus amongst both medical and patient spheres as to what CFS/ME actually is. In this thesis I draw on interviews with people with CFS/ME and participant observation in a patient-led support group in order to explore the way in which CFS/ME shaped participants’ identities and narratives of the self. I argue that participants moved through two stages that I call ‘The Disrupted Self’ and ‘The Realigned Self’. Falling ill with CFS/ME rapidly disrupted participants’ understandings of the bodies, their position within their family and the community, interactions with doctors, and all the usual markers on which they had previously formed their self-identities. In this state, I argue that participants and those with whom they engaged viewed both CFS/ME and my participants as liminal, ‘betwixt and between’ (Turner 1969) social roles and contemporary New Zealand ideals of illness, the individual, and the ‘sick person’. As the initial disruption and confusion of falling ill subsided, however, my participants worked to develop a new secure self-identity, the ‘Realigned Self’. They move into a normalised long-term liminal state by prioritising their health, adjusting their expectations of their body, developing their own conception of the aetiology of CFS/ME and forming a positive narrative of their new lives. This identity work utilised wider cultural ideals about the active, responsibilised and authentic self; common to late modern contemporary life (Beck and Beck-Gernsheim 2001, Desjarlais 1994, Giddens 1991, Rose 1996). Yet this realignment was often not reflected in the views of my participants’ friends, families and doctors. This illustrates the diverse perspectives and different degrees of liminality that exist within experiences and narratives of CFS/ME and contested illnesses.</p>

The Disrupted and Realigned Self: Exploring the Narratives of New Zealanders with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

<p>Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) causes pronounced, debilitating fatigue that is not alleviated by rest, along with muscle and joint weakness, pain, cognitive difficulties and can be worsened through mental and physical exertion. However, it is also without an aetiology, and there is little consensus amongst both medical and patient spheres as to what CFS/ME actually is. In this thesis I draw on interviews with people with CFS/ME and participant observation in a patient-led support group in order to explore the way in which CFS/ME shaped participants’ identities and narratives of the self. I argue that participants moved through two stages that I call ‘The Disrupted Self’ and ‘The Realigned Self’. Falling ill with CFS/ME rapidly disrupted participants’ understandings of the bodies, their position within their family and the community, interactions with doctors, and all the usual markers on which they had previously formed their self-identities. In this state, I argue that participants and those with whom they engaged viewed both CFS/ME and my participants as liminal, ‘betwixt and between’ (Turner 1969) social roles and contemporary New Zealand ideals of illness, the individual, and the ‘sick person’. As the initial disruption and confusion of falling ill subsided, however, my participants worked to develop a new secure self-identity, the ‘Realigned Self’. They move into a normalised long-term liminal state by prioritising their health, adjusting their expectations of their body, developing their own conception of the aetiology of CFS/ME and forming a positive narrative of their new lives. This identity work utilised wider cultural ideals about the active, responsibilised and authentic self; common to late modern contemporary life (Beck and Beck-Gernsheim 2001, Desjarlais 1994, Giddens 1991, Rose 1996). Yet this realignment was often not reflected in the views of my participants’ friends, families and doctors. This illustrates the diverse perspectives and different degrees of liminality that exist within experiences and narratives of CFS/ME and contested illnesses.</p>