In Situ Burning: After-Action Review1(Successful Burn 48 Hours After Discharge)

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 (1) ◽  
pp. 1273-1274
Author(s):  
Tricia Clark ◽  
Robert D. Martin
Keyword(s):  
State Agencies ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Smoke Plume ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Guidance Documents ◽  
Outside The Box

ABSTRACT A spill in May 1997, forced responders to think “outside the box” and utilize ingenuity and skills learned from previous experiences. The Region VI RRT Guidelines for In-shore/Near-shore In Situ Burn, while providing the framework for the plan, had to be modified on site to meet the special parameters this spill presented.Responders had not had previous opportunities to burn this type of environment and were not sure what type of successes to expect.The initial burn was to be conducted well outside of what is normally considered the window of opportunity for in situ burning.PM-10 monitors were to be utilized to monitor smoke plume fallout particle size.It was determined by the Federal On-Scene Coordinator (FOSC) that RRT approval was not necessary and deferred to the consensus among state agencies having jurisdiction. This response indicates inland/nearshore burns will continue to be utilized as a response tool and points to the need for ongoing evaluations and adjustments to pre-approvals and guidance documents responders utilize.

An in situ experiment on temperature sensitivity of near-shore benthic foraminifera

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Schafer ◽  
F. E. Cole ◽  
D. Frobel ◽  
N. Rice ◽  
M. A. Buzas
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
In Situ Experiment ◽  
Near Shore

scholarly journals Lipid biomarkers in Holocene and glacial sediments from ancient Lake Ohrid (Macedonia, Albania)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 3473-3489 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Holtvoeth ◽  
H. Vogel ◽  
B. Wagner ◽  
G. A. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lipid Biomarkers ◽  
Lake Ohrid ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
Plant Matter ◽  
Lipid Biomarker ◽  
First Results ◽  
Near Shore

Abstract. Organic matter preserved in Lake Ohrid sediments originates from aquatic and terrestrial sources. Its variable composition reflects climate-controlled changes in the lake basin's hydrology and related organic matter export, i.e. changes in primary productivity, terrestrial plant matter input and soil erosion. Here, we present first results from lipid biomarker investigations of Lake Ohrid sediments from two near-shore settings: site Lz1120 near the southern shore, with low-lying lands nearby and probably influenced by river discharge, and site Co1202 which is close to the steep eastern slopes. Variable proportions of terrestrial n-alkanoic acids and n-alkanols as well as compositional changes of ω-hydroxy acids document differences in soil organic matter supply between the sites and during different climate stages (glacial, Holocene, 8.2 ka cooling event). Changes in the vegetation cover are suggested by changes in the dominant chain length of terrestrial n-alkanols. Effective microbial degradation of labile organic matter and in situ contribution of organic matter derived from the microbes themselves are both evident in the sediments. We found evidence for anoxic conditions within the photic zone by detecting epicholestanol and tetrahymanol from sulphur-oxidising phototrophic bacteria and bacterivorous ciliates and for the influence of a settled human community from the occurrence of coprostanol, a biomarker for human and animal faeces (pigs, sheep, goats), in an early Holocene sample. This study illustrates the potential of lipid biomarkers for future environmental reconstructions using one of Europe's oldest continental climate archives, Lake Ohrid.

scholarly journals Smoke plume trajectory from in situ burning of crude oil in Alaska

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H Twilley ◽  
David D Evans
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Smoke Plume

Infective endocarditis as a complication of longstanding ventriculoatrial (VA) shunt: the importance of suspicion and early investigation in patients with VA shunt and pyrexia of unknown origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e237161
Author(s):  
Rosa Sun ◽  
Richard Warwick ◽  
Stuart Harrisson ◽  
Nageswar Bandla
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Early Investigation ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Pyrexia Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Ventriculoatrial (VA) shunts are a method of cerebrospinal fluid diversion, which nowadays are infrequently seen in medical practice. Infective endocarditis (IE) can occur as rare complications of VA shunts, through the introduction of a foreign body close to the tricuspid valve. We report a case of infective endocarditis, that is, in a patient with VA shunt for congenital hydrocephalus. We present the case to highlight the importance of early investigation for IE in patients with fever of unknown origin and shunt in situ, as rapid deterioration can occur and be fatal. We also discuss past experience reported in the literature on the role of cardiothoracic intervention. Prompt diagnosis and early cardiothoracic referral for surgery are crucial, there may only be a narrow window of opportunity for intervention before patients develop fulminant sepsis.

Abstract P5-12-02: Metformin decreases Ki67 in HER2+ve ductal carcinoma in situ in a window of opportunity trial

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Bonanni ◽  
Andrea DeCensi ◽  
Aliana Guerrieri-Gonzaga ◽  
Giancarlo Pruneri ◽  
Matteo Puntoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Window Of Opportunity

DYNAMIC FAULT/FRACTURE SEAL BEHAVIOUR AND GEOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THE GREATER GOBE AREA, SOUTHERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCE, PAPUA NEW GUINEA

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
M.C. Daniels ◽  
D.T. Moffat ◽  
D.A. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
In Situ Stress ◽  
Stress Regime ◽  
Well Spacing ◽  
Geomechanical Analysis ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Performance Results

The Gobe Main and SE Gobe Fields were discovered in the early 1990s in the Papuan Fold Belt in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Heavily karstified Darai Limestone at the surface and heli-supported drilling made field appraisal problematic and expensive. With initial well spacing upwards of several kilometres, these fields were thought to be ‘tank’ type models, with field-wide extrapolations of gas-oil and oil-water contacts.The main Iagifu Sandstone reservoir in the Gobe fields comprises several fluvial and near-shore sand bodies, which are readily correlatable across the fields. The reservoir units display discrete coarsening upward sequences containing medium (~17%) porosity, medium to high permeability (>100 mD) sandstones. Although several different depositional facies are interpreted within the Iagifu reservoir, sand units are extensive on the scale of the Gobe structures and do not appear to be producing significant lateral boundaries or reservoir compartmentalisation.Geomechanical analysis has enabled the calculation of in-situ stress magnitudes and establishment of a geomechanical model for Gobe. Locally, the Gobe Main Field appears to be in a strike-slip stress regime (SHmax>Sv>Shmin). SHmax directions vary from NNE– SSW to NE–SW. Stress magnitudes indicate the structure is near frictional equilibrium, with a high proportion of natural fractures and faults critically stressed for shear failure. Since first oil in early 1998, performance results have indicted pressure segregation of many of the wells in both the Gobe Main and SE Gobe fields. Although only one fault has been positively identified at the reservoir level, the mapped faults appear to have sand-on-sand juxtaposition with minimal (

MESOSCALE EXPERIMENTS HELP TO EVALUATE IN-SITU BURNING OF OIL SPILLS1

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 (1) ◽  
pp. 755-760
Author(s):  
David D. Evans ◽  
William D. Walton ◽  
Howard R. Baum ◽  
Kathy A. Notarianni ◽  
Edward J. Tennyson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Effective Diameter ◽  
Smoke Plume ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
Particulate Deposition ◽  
Primary Combustion Products

ABSTRACT Burning of spilled oil has distinct advantages over other cleanup countermeasures. It offers the potential to convert rapidly large quantities of oil into its primary combustion products, carbon dioxide and water, with a small percentage of other unburned and residue byproducts. Disadvantages include the dispersal of the combustion products into the air. Mesoscale and laboratory experiments have been conducted to measure the burning characteristics of crude oil fires. Measurements on crude oil pool fires from 0.4 m to 17.2 m in effective diameter were made to obtain data on the rate of burning, heat release rate, composition of the combustion products, and downwind dispersion of the products. The smaller experiments were performed in laboratories at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Fire Research Institute in Japan; and the larger ones at the U. S. Coast Guard Fire Safety and Test Detachment in Mobile, Alabama. From these experiments, the value for surface regression rate of a burning crude oil spill was found to be 0.055 mm/s. A major concern for public safety is the content and extent of the smoke plume from the fires. Smoke yield, the fraction of the oil mass burned that is emitted as particulate, was found to be 13 percent. A large-eddy simulation calculation method for smoke plume trajectory and smoke particulate deposition developed by NIST showed that the smoke particulate deposition from a 114 m2 burn would occur in striations over a long, slender area 3.2 km wide and 258 km downwind of the burn.

scholarly journals Near-shore Antarctic pH variability has implications for the design of oceanacidification experiments

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Kapsenberg ◽  
Amanda L. Kelley ◽  
Emily C. Shaw ◽  
Todd R. Martz ◽  
Gretchen E. Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Physiological Tolerance ◽  
Seawater Ph ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Ecosystem Changes

Abstract Understanding how declining seawater pH caused by anthropogenic carbon emissions, or oceanacidification, impacts Southern Ocean biota is limited by a paucity of pH time-series. Here,we present the first high-frequency in-situ pH time-series in near-shore Antarctica fromspring to winter under annual sea ice. Observations from autonomous pH sensors revealed aseasonal increase of 0.3 pH units. The summer season was marked by an increase in temporalpH variability relative to spring and early winter, matching coastal pH variability observedat lower latitudes. Using our data, simulations of ocean acidification show a future periodof deleterious wintertime pH levels potentially expanding to 7–11 months annually by 2100.Given the presence of (sub)seasonal pH variability, Antarctica marine species have anexisting physiological tolerance of temporal pH change that may influence adaptation tofuture acidification. Yet, pH-induced ecosystem changes remain difficult to characterize inthe absence of sufficient physiological data on present-day tolerances. It is thereforeessential to incorporate natural and projected temporal pH variability in the design ofexperiments intended to study ocean acidification biology.

scholarly journals Aerial Imaging of Fluorescent Dye in the Near Shore

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1410-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Clark ◽  
Luc Lenain ◽  
Falk Feddersen ◽  
Emmanuel Boss ◽  
R. T. Guza
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Images ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Aerial Imaging ◽  
In Situ Calibration ◽  
Water Tracing ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Rhodamine Wt ◽  
Image Pixels

Abstract Aerial images are used to quantify the concentration of fluorescent Rhodamine water tracing (WT) dye in turbid and optically deep water. Tracer releases near the shoreline of an ocean beach and near a tidal inlet were observed with a two-band multispectral camera and a pushbroom hyperspectral imager, respectively. The aerial observations are compared with near-surface in situ measurements. The ratio of upwelling radiance near the Rhodamine WT excitation and emission peaks varies linearly with the in situ dye concentrations for concentrations <20 ppb (r2 = 0.70 and r2 = 0.85–0.88 at the beach and inlet, respectively). The linear relationship allows for relative tracer concentration estimates without in situ calibration. The O(1 m) image pixels resolve complex flow structures on the inner shelf that transport and mix tracer.

scholarly journals In situ magnetic identification of giant, needle-shaped magnetofossils in Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum sediments

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. e2018169118
Author(s):  
Courtney L. Wagner ◽  
Ramon Egli ◽  
Ioan Lascu ◽  
Peter C. Lippert ◽  
Kenneth J. T. Livi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Micromagnetic Simulations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Magnetic Signatures ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Hyperthermal Events

Near-shore marine sediments deposited during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum at Wilson Lake, NJ, contain abundant conventional and giant magnetofossils. We find that giant, needle-shaped magnetofossils from Wilson Lake produce distinct magnetic signatures in low-noise, high-resolution first-order reversal curve (FORC) measurements. These magnetic measurements on bulk sediment samples identify the presence of giant, needle-shaped magnetofossils. Our results are supported by micromagnetic simulations of giant needle morphologies measured from transmission electron micrographs of magnetic extracts from Wilson Lake sediments. These simulations underscore the single-domain characteristics and the large magnetic coercivity associated with the extreme crystal elongation of giant needles. Giant magnetofossils have so far only been identified in sediments deposited during global hyperthermal events and therefore may serve as magnetic biomarkers of environmental disturbances. Our results show that FORC measurements are a nondestructive method for identifying giant magnetofossil assemblages in bulk sediments, which will help test their ecology and significance with respect to environmental change.

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