Radiation Organ Doses and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk Due to Exposure to Gamma Radiation from Two Cement Industries in Nigeria

A study of background ionizing radiation (BIR) levels to estimate organ dose rates and excess lifetime cancer risk in Unicem cement producing company, Calabar, Cross River state and Bua cement producing company, Okpella in Edo state have been carried out using Digilert 100 and Radalert-200 nuclear radiation monitor and a geographical positioning system (GPS) for GIS mapping of the area. The in-situ measurement of the exposure rate was between May, 2018 and June, 2019 at regular intervals. The average exposure rate of 0.023 mRh-1 was measured at Unicem, Calabar and 0.027 mRh-1 at Bua cement area, Okpella. The mean equivalent doses of 1.92 mSvy-1 and 2.29 mSvy-1 was recorded in Unicem and Bua Okpella respectively. The estimated mean outdoor absorbed dose rate value of 196.74 nGyh-1 in Unicem and its environment while in Bua cement industry, Okpella, the value of 234.9 nGyh-1 was obtained. The mean annual effective dose calculated was 0.24 and 0.29 mSvy-1 for Unicem and Bua Okpella respectively. The mean excess life time cancer risk recorded in the areas 0.72 x10-3 in Unicem area and 1.01 x10-3 in Bua cement environment. The calculated dose to organs showed that the testes have the highest organ dose of 0.74 mSvy-1 and 0.83 mSvy-1 for Unicem and Bua Okpella areas respectively while the liver has the lowest organ dose of 0.08 mSvy-1 and 0.11 mSvy-1 for Unicem and Bua Okpella respectively. This study revealed that the exposure rate and all the radiological risk parameters exceeded their recommended safe values. The area of study is radiologically polluted and may be detrimental to human health for long term exposure.

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Evaluation of Background Ionizing Radiation Level of Selected Oil Spill Communities of Delta State, Nigeria

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2019/v38i330362 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

M. U. Audu ◽

G. O. Avwiri ◽

C. P. Ononugbo

Keyword(s):

Cancer Risk ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Annual Effective Dose ◽

Absorbed Dose ◽

Nuclear Radiation ◽

Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽

Radiation Level ◽

Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk

Study of the terrestrial Background Ionizing Radiation levels of selected Oil Spill Communities of Delta State, Nigeria have been carried out using Digilert 200 and Radalert 100 nuclear radiation monitor and a geographical positioning system (Garmin GPSMAP 76S). The exposure rates of the five communities ranges from 0.016 to 0.030 at Jones Creek, 0.014 to 0.034 at Opuwade Community, 0.015 to 0.037 at Okpare community, 0.007 to 0.029 at OtuJeremi community and 0.011to 0.040 at Otor-Edo community. The obtained mean exposures rates were higher than ICRP standard limit of 0.013. The absorbed dose rates calculated ranged from 139.2 to 261 (Jones Creek), 121.8 to 259.8 nGyh-1 (Opuwade Community), 130.5 to 321.9 nGyh-1 (Okpare community), 60.9 to 252.3 nGyh-1 (OtuJeremi community) and 95.9 to 348 nGyh-1 (Otor-Edo community). The estimated annual effective dose equivalent varies from 0.21 to 0.40 , 0.19 to 0.45 , 0.20 to 0.49 , 0.09 to 0.39 and 0.15 to 0.53 for Jones Creek, Opuwade Community, Okpare community, Otu Jeremi community and Otor-Edo community respectively while the excess lifetime cancer risk calculated for Jones Creek varies from (0.75 to 1.40) x 10-3, Opuwade community (0.65 to 1.59 )×, Okpare community (0.70 to 1.73 ) x , OtuJeremi community (0.33 to 1.35)× and Otor-Edo community (0.51 to 1.87)×. All the mean values of absorbed dose, annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk exceeded their recommended safe values. The results obtained in this work may not constitute any immediate health risk to the residents of the selected oil spill communities but long term exposure in the area may lead to detrimental health risks.

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GIS MAPPING OF BIR LEVELS AROUND FOSSIL FUEL AND GAS DISPENSING STATIONS AND ASSESSMENT OF THEIR RADIOLOGICAL RISK IMPLICATIONS

Geological Behavior ◽

10.26480/gbr.02.2020.54.62 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 54-62

Author(s):

Agbalagba E. O. ◽

Nenuwe O.N ◽

Egarievwe S.U

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuel ◽

Absorbed Dose ◽

Organ Dose ◽

Mean Value ◽

Nuclear Radiation ◽

Gis Mapping ◽

Radiological Risk ◽

Absorbed Dose Rate ◽

Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽

Fuel Gas

The assessment of terrestrial background ionizing radiation levels within fossil fuel and gas dispensing environments to evaluate the radiological risk around Warri metropolis has been conducted using a digilert 200 Nuclear Radiation monitor meter and a GPS. The GIS monitoring of the BIR levels was carried out between September and December 2018 by delineating the city into eight zones using GIS mapping. The measured average exposure rates ranged from 0.006mRh-1(0.50 𝑚𝑆𝑣𝑦-1) to 0.026mRh-1(2.19𝑚𝑆𝑣𝑦-1) with an overall mean value of 0.015±0.004mRh-1 (1.26±0.32 𝑚𝑆𝑣𝑦-1). The estimated mean outdoor absorbed dose rate for the regions ranged from 116.60±40.38nGyh-1 in Jeddo region to 148.9±49.63nGyh-1 in PTI region and a mean of 129.82±32.98𝜂Gyh-1.The AEDE evaluated is 0.16±0.04 𝑚𝑆𝑣𝑦-1 while the ELCR value is 0.56±0.014µ𝑆𝑣𝑦-1. The estimated dose to organs testes receiving the highest organ dose of 0.10 𝑚𝑆𝑣𝑦-1 while the liver receives the lowest dose to organ of 0.06 𝑚𝑆𝑣𝑦-1. The GIS mapping of the examined facilities revealed that radiation levels in 38 of the 61 sampling locations (62.3%) exceeded the global ambient permissible level of 13.0 𝜇Rh-1 (1.0 𝑚𝑆𝑣𝑦-1) reported by UNSCEAR, therefore the measured values are adjudged high and the environment radiologically impaired. But, these may not cause any short- team health risk to the fuel/gas attendants and attendees in these stations. The obtained estimated excess lifetime cancer risk indicates low chances of contracting cancer and the radiation doses to the adult organs investigated is insignificant.

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Assessment of ionizing radiation exposure levels and associated health risk in some selected solid mineral mining sites Edo-North, Nigeria

Scientia Africana ◽

10.4314/sa.v19i3.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 153-166

Author(s):

A.O. Eshiemomoh ◽

G.O. Avwiri ◽

C.P. Ononugbo

Keyword(s):

Cancer Risk ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Dose Rate ◽

Exposure Rate ◽

Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽

Entire Study ◽

Mining Sites ◽

The Mean ◽

Ionizing Radiation Exposure

Ionizing radiation exposure rate and its associated health risks were assessed using Digilert 200 and Rados Radiation Monitoring Meter, integrated with Geographical Positioning System (Garmin GPSMAP 76S) of some selected solid mineral mining sites across Edo-North Nigeria. The mean exposure rates show some characteristic range of 0.010±0.005 𝑚𝑅ℎ𝑟−1 to 0.027 𝑚𝑅ℎ𝑟 −1 across the entire study. The obtained mean exposures rates at all the mining pits were higher than the ICRP standard limit of 0.013 𝑚𝑅ℎ𝑟 −1 , except at freedom limestonesmining pit where we recorded 0.010 mRh-1. It was also observed that limestones mining sites exhibited low exposure rate while granite mining sites exhibited high exposure rate. The computed equivalent dose rate ranges from 1.049 mSvy-1 to 2.287 mSvy-1 , which is well above the recommended permissible limit of 1.0 mSvy-1 for the general public. 91.7% of the mining sites recorded higher absorbed dose rate but the mean AEDE recorded across the entire study area are below the ICRP standard. The average excess lifetime cancer risk shows variation from 0.472 x 10-3 to 1.27 x 10-3 . . By this result, the probability of contacting cancer due to radiation exposure is higher in places like Cinoma pit, Cetraco pit, Niger-Cat pit, Jigom pit, Oaries pit and Petra-Quarries pit. Keywords: Assessment, Mining pits, Background, Exposure, lifetime cancer risk

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ASSESSMENT OF RADIATION EXPOSURE LEVEL IN BLACKSMITHING WORKSHOP IN GOMBE, GOMBE STATE

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2020-0404-270 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 19-25

Author(s):

Abiodun Olanrewaju ◽

Nurudeen Mohammed AbdulKareem ◽

Isiaka O. Raheem

Keyword(s):

Cancer Risk ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Absorbed Dose ◽

Organ Dose ◽

Outdoor Exposure ◽

Exposure Level ◽

Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽

Dose Rates ◽

Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽

Line Section

Measurement of terrestrial background ionizing radiation of blacksmith workshops of Gombe State, Nigeria was carried out using well-calibrated Geiger-Muller counter meters and a meter tape. The measured average exposure rate of two line-sections are 0.018±0.002 and 0.017±0.002 mRh-1. Estimated equivalent dose rates for the two line-sections are 1.50 and 1.45 mSvy-1. The average absorbed dose rates estimated in line-section one and line-section two are 154.94 and 149.97 nGyh-1 respectively. Annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) of 0.48 mSvy-1 was obtained for outdoor exposure in line-section one while in line-section two, AEDE was 0.23 mSvy-1. The calculated mean excess lifetime cancer risk values for the blacksmith workshop sections are 0.83x 10-3 and 0.80 x 10-3. The obtained values for background ionizing radiation in the line-sections of blacksmith workshop were above the recommended standard limit by ICRP while the absorbed doses (D) were above the recommended value and AEDE calculated in two line-sections of blacksmithing workshops were within the safe values this implies that blacksmithing activities in these areas may not influence the doses received by public. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) estimated were higher than their world permissible values of 0.29 x 10-3 respectively. The calculated dose to organs showed that the testes have the highest organ dose of 0.153 mSvy-1while liver has the lowest organ dose of 0.086 mSvy-1. This result shows that exposure to

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Radiometric Survey of Granitic Quarry Site of Ebony State, Nigeria

Advances in Research ◽

10.9734/air/2019/v20i230156 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

M. Onwuka ◽

C. P. Ononugbo

Keyword(s):

Effective Dose ◽

Dose Rate ◽

Annual Effective Dose ◽

Mean Value ◽

Gis Mapping ◽

Exposure Rate ◽

Absorbed Dose Rate ◽

Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽

Radiometric Survey ◽

The Mean

Radiometric survey of the granitic quarry site at Ishiagu and its environment was done using two radiation monitors and geographical positioning system (GPS) for GIS mapping. In-situ measurement of exposure rate was carried out following the international standard organizational standard between May 2018 and June 2019. The measured average exposure rates ranged from 0.010± 0.002 to 0.038 ± 0.003 mRh-1 with mean value of 0.026 ±0.005 mRh-1. The estimated outdoor absorbed dose rate ranged from 87.0 to 330.6 nGyh-1 with mean value of 228.38 nGyh-1. The equivalent dose rate ranges from 0.84 to 3.20 mSvy-1 with mean value of 2.21 mSvy-1. The mean annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) calculated was 0.28 mSvy-1 while the mean excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was 0.98 x 10-3. The estimated annual effective dose to different organs showed that the testes have the highest annual effective dose of 0.191 mSvy-1 followed by ovaries and kidney of 0.135 and 0.139 mSvy-1 respectively while the liver has the lowest annual effective dose of 0.103 mSvy-1. The radiation contour map of the area showed the distribution of radiation of high and low areas. The result showed that the radiation exposure rate and its associated radiological risk parameters exceeded the safe limits prescribed by ICRP and also the values reported in literatures. However, these values may not constitute acute health risk but long term exposure of residents and workers may be detrimental to their health. Therefore adequate monitoring of this quarry site is necessary to checkmate the exposure rate and provide some protective measures for quarry workers.

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Occupational Hazards from Outdoor and Indoor Radiation in Oil Field Facilities in Rivers State, Nigeria

Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences ◽

10.9734/ajopacs/2019/v7i430099 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

G. O. Avwiri ◽

J. Ekpo ◽

Y. E. Chad-Umoren

Keyword(s):

Effective Dose ◽

Annual Effective Dose ◽

Absorbed Dose ◽

Oil Field ◽

Nuclear Radiation ◽

Occupational Hazards ◽

Exposure Rate ◽

Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽

The Mean ◽

Rivers State

The aim of this study is to determine the occupational hazards due to exposure to gamma radiations from oil and gas facilities. In-situ measurement of radiation exposure rate of some Oil Field Facilities in Rivers State, Nigeria carried out using Digilert 200 and Radalert 100 nuclear radiation monitor and a geographical positioning system (Garmin GPSMAP 76S). The average exposure rates of the facilities range from 0.010±0.002 to 0.015±0.001, for indoor and 0.014±0.003 to 0.027±0.003 for outdoor. The mean absorbed dose rates for indoor varied from 92.1 to 121.1 nGyh-1 while the mean outdoor absorbed dose varied from 120.4 to 234.2 nGyh-1. The estimated indoor annual effective dose varied from 0.14 to 0.19 mSvy-1 while the outdoor annual effective dose varied from 0.23 to 0.36 m Svy-1.The estimated indoor excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) range from 0.56× to 0.65x10-3 and outdoor ranged from 0.65×5 to 1.26×. The respective mean values of absorbed dose, AEDE and ELCR for indoor and outdoor measurements at the different locations exceeded the world permissible values of 60, 70 and 0.29× respectively. The result of this work indicated that used oilfield pipe market recorded the highest exposure rate. This could be due to radiations from scales on the pipes and may pose health challenged for long term exposure.

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