Designing Workbook for Teaching Writing Descriptive Text Based on Scientific Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Indah Pratiwi ◽  
Yanti Sri Rezeki
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Writing ◽  
English Teacher ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
Internal Evaluation ◽  
Writing Ability ◽  
Good Book ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Analysis Design

This research aims to design workbook based on the scientific approach for teaching writing descriptive text. This research was conducted on the seventh-grade students of SMPN 24 Pontianak. The method of this research is ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) with the exclusion of Implementation and Evaluation phases. This material was designed as supplementary material to support the course book used especially in teaching writing of descriptive text. The respondents in this research were the seventh-grade students and an English teacher at SMPN 24 Pontianak. In this research, the researchers found that workbook based on scientific approach fulfilled the criteria of the good book to teach writing descriptive text. The researchers conducted an internal evaluation to see the usability and the feasibility of the workbook. The result of the evaluation is 89%. It showed that the workbook is feasible to be used by students as the supplementary material to support the main course book and help the students improve their writing ability in descriptive text.

Catalytic Fluorination of Boron Compounds at a Bismuth Redox Platform

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriol Planas ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Markus Leutzsch ◽  
Josep Cornella
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Group Element ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Boron Compounds ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Main Group Element ◽  
Rational Ligand Design ◽  
Supplementary Material

The ability of bismuth to maneuver between different oxidation states in a catalytic redox cycle, mimicking the canonical organometallic steps associated to a transition metal, is an elusive and unprecedented approach in the field of homogeneous catalysis. Herein we present a catalytic protocol based on bismuth, a benign and sustainable main-group element, capable of performing every organometallic step in the context of oxidative fluorination of boron compounds; a territory reserved to transition metals. A rational ligand design featuring hypervalent coordination together with a mechanistic understanding of the fundamental steps, permitted a catalytic fluorination protocol based on a Bi(III)/Bi(V) redox couple, which represents a unique example where a main-group element is capable of outperforming its transition metal counterparts.<br>A main text and supplementary material have been attached as pdf files containing all the methodology, techniques and characterization of the compounds reported.<br>

Reuse of the soda sludge dealt with water washing as a supplementary material for the synthesis of clinker binders

2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 126433
Author(s):  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Jiakang Zhang ◽  
Peng Wu ◽  
Xianjun Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Washing ◽  
Supplementary Material

Cleft Alveolar Bone Graft Materials: Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110076
Author(s):  
Caroline Dissaux ◽  
Laetitia Ruffenach ◽  
Catherine Bruant-Rodier ◽  
Daniel George ◽  
Frédéric Bodin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Comparable Efficacy ◽  
Alveolar Bone Grafting ◽  
Supplementary Material

Introduction: Since the early stages of alveolar bone grafting development, multiple types of materials have been used. Iliac cancellous bone graft (ICBG) remains the gold standard. Design/Methods: A review of literature is conducted in order to describe the different bone filling possibilities, autologous or not, and to assess their effectiveness compared to ICBG. This review focused on studies reporting volumetric assessment of the alveolar cleft graft result (by computed tomography scan or cone beam computed tomography). Results: Grafting materials fall into 3 types: autologous bone grafts, ICBG supplementary material, and bone substitutes. Among autologous materials, no study showed the superiority of any other bone origin over iliac cancellous bone. Yet ICBG gives inconsistent results and presents donor site morbidity. Concerning supplementary material, only 3 studies could show a benefit of adding platelet-rich fibrin (1 study) or platelet-rich plasma (2 studies) to ICBG, which remains controversial in most studies. There is a lack of 3-dimensional (3D) assessment in most articles concerning the use of scaffolds. Only one study showed graft improvement when adding acellular dermal matrix to ICBG. Looking at bone substitutes highlights failures among bioceramics alone, side-effects with bone morphogenetic protein-2 composite materials, and difficulties in cell therapy setup. Studies assessing cell therapy–based substitutes show comparable efficacy with ICBG but remain too few. Conclusion: This review highlights the lack of 3D assessments in the alveolar bone graft materials field. Nothing dethroned ICBG from its position as the gold standard treatment at this time.

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