Exploring what motivates evaluation capacity building in early learning services: “What are the children getting out of this?”

This article describes a research project focused on evaluation capacity building and internal evaluation practice, in a small sample of early learning services in Aotearoa New Zealand. Poor evaluation practice in this context has persisted for several decades, and capacity building attempts have had limited impact. Multiple methods were used to gather data on factors and conditions that motivated successful evaluation capacity building and internal evaluation practice in five unusually high-performing early learning services. The early learning sector context is described and discussed in relation to existing research on evaluation capacity building in organisations. This is followed by a brief overview of the research methodology for this study, with the majority of the article devoted to findings and areas for future exploration and research. Quotes from the research participants are used to illustrate their views, and the views of the wider early learning sector, on evaluation matters. Findings suggest that motivation is hindered by a widespread view of internal evaluation as overly demanding and minimally valuable. In addition, some features of the Aotearoa New Zealand early learning context mean that accountability factors are not effective motivators for evaluation capacity building. Early learning service staff are more motivated to engage in evaluation by factors and conditions related to their understandings of personal capability, guidance and support strategies, and the alignment of internal evaluation processes to positive children’s outcomes. The strength of agreement within the limited sample size and scope of this study, particularly considering the variation in early learning service contexts of the research participants, supports the validity of the findings. Understandings of evaluation capacity building motivators in this context will contribute to discussions related to organisation evaluation, internal evaluation, social-sector evaluation, and evaluation capacity building.

Internal evaluation of risk stratification tool using procalcitonin and clinical risk factors in pediatric febrile neutropenia: the first step in a pilot quality improvement project

Risk stratification of pediatric febrile neutropenia (FN) is an established concept; the internal evaluation of a validated clinical decision rules (CDR) tool has not been well-described. In this study, restrictive criteria and procalcitonin were added to a recommended CDR for internal evaluation before implementation. Analysis of 577 FN episodes showed good sensitivity and negative predictive value in predicting blood stream infections (87.3%; 95.6%) and intensive care admissions (97.2%; 99.1%). There were no severe adverse events in low-risk patients with low procalcitonin; procalcitonin identified 3 low-risk patients with serious bacterial infections. The modified CDR with procalcitonin may assist in risk stratification.

Using Social Psychology to Constructively Involve Colleagues in Internal Evaluation

Internal evaluators can lead positive, helpful, promotive interactions among colleagues to make evaluation more appropriate, understandable, and accessible. As the motivations and abilities of non-evaluator colleagues are highly varied, interpersonal skills help facilitate cooperation and promote evaluation. Social interdependence theory from social psychology can assist with understanding teamwork and developing interpersonal competence. While the literature links social interdependence theory with evaluation, there is limited understanding of its application in practice. In this article, we share our internal evaluation experiences in three Australian nonprofit organizations to elucidate how we harnessed social connections and interpersonal dynamics to achieve cooperative goals. The purpose of this article is to share our process for using theory and literature to assist with reflecting, planning, and acting, around the way we interact with colleagues. Evaluators may find this process useful when considering how to personalize professional development around interpersonal competencies for evaluation.

Educational Leadership practised through internal evaluation in New Zealand ECE services.

<p><b>The New Zealand Teaching Council’s Leadership Strategy vision is:To enable every teacher, regardless of their role or setting, to have the opportunity to develop their own leadership capability so that through principled and inspirational leadership, a culturally capable, competent and connected teaching profession achieves educational equity and excellence for all children and young people in Aotearoa New Zealand (Education Council, 2018b, p. 4).</b></p> <p>There is however a lack of clarity about how this vision can be achieved. While there is a growing range of literature concerning ECE leadership emerging from New Zealand, highlighting shared or distributed approaches (Hill, 2018), the role of the positional leader and distributed leadership (Denee & Thornton, 2017), and leadership dispositions within leadership development (Davitt & Ryder, 2018), there is limited literature exploring the practices of educational leadership within New Zealand ECE services.</p> <p>This study explores how educational leadership is practised through internal evaluation processes in New Zealand ECE services and how these practices support the professional capabilities and capacities of teachers. Previous research has highlighted that a practice approach to leadership removes the focus on the individual leader and allows leadership to emerge from collective action. The objectives of this research were: to develop a better understanding of how educational leadership is practised through internal evaluation processes; explore what challenges or enables teachers to become involved and practise educational leadership through internal evaluation processes; and to understand how services monitor the impact of changes on teaching practice, made as a result of an internal evaluation.</p> <p>This qualitative research, which took the form of an interpretive case study, was framed around a single case design with multiple units of analysis. Data were gathered from three participating ECE services through interviews, focus groups and observations, and drew on the perspectives of both teachers and positional leaders. A reflexive thematic data analysis approach was employed, and four key themes were developed: identification with leadership; supportive workplace culture; continuous improvement; and effective leadership practices in ECE services.</p> <p>This case study concludes that there is a complexity in the ways ECE teachers identify with leadership, restricted by a belief that leadership requires a formal title, with teachers often unaware of their own leadership practices. A supportive workplace culture can encourage and promote leadership, while a cycle of continuous improvement can promote quality teaching practices. Finally, seven effective leadership practices were identified: relational leadership; creating the conditions for teamwork; engagement; knowledge expertise and sharing opinions; shared decision making; facilitating and guiding and accountability and organisation. This study contributes to our further understanding of educational leadership in New Zealand ECE services, in particular the practices of leadership.</p>

Educational Leadership practised through internal evaluation in New Zealand ECE services.

<p><b>The New Zealand Teaching Council’s Leadership Strategy vision is:To enable every teacher, regardless of their role or setting, to have the opportunity to develop their own leadership capability so that through principled and inspirational leadership, a culturally capable, competent and connected teaching profession achieves educational equity and excellence for all children and young people in Aotearoa New Zealand (Education Council, 2018b, p. 4).</b></p> <p>There is however a lack of clarity about how this vision can be achieved. While there is a growing range of literature concerning ECE leadership emerging from New Zealand, highlighting shared or distributed approaches (Hill, 2018), the role of the positional leader and distributed leadership (Denee & Thornton, 2017), and leadership dispositions within leadership development (Davitt & Ryder, 2018), there is limited literature exploring the practices of educational leadership within New Zealand ECE services.</p> <p>This study explores how educational leadership is practised through internal evaluation processes in New Zealand ECE services and how these practices support the professional capabilities and capacities of teachers. Previous research has highlighted that a practice approach to leadership removes the focus on the individual leader and allows leadership to emerge from collective action. The objectives of this research were: to develop a better understanding of how educational leadership is practised through internal evaluation processes; explore what challenges or enables teachers to become involved and practise educational leadership through internal evaluation processes; and to understand how services monitor the impact of changes on teaching practice, made as a result of an internal evaluation.</p> <p>This qualitative research, which took the form of an interpretive case study, was framed around a single case design with multiple units of analysis. Data were gathered from three participating ECE services through interviews, focus groups and observations, and drew on the perspectives of both teachers and positional leaders. A reflexive thematic data analysis approach was employed, and four key themes were developed: identification with leadership; supportive workplace culture; continuous improvement; and effective leadership practices in ECE services.</p> <p>This case study concludes that there is a complexity in the ways ECE teachers identify with leadership, restricted by a belief that leadership requires a formal title, with teachers often unaware of their own leadership practices. A supportive workplace culture can encourage and promote leadership, while a cycle of continuous improvement can promote quality teaching practices. Finally, seven effective leadership practices were identified: relational leadership; creating the conditions for teamwork; engagement; knowledge expertise and sharing opinions; shared decision making; facilitating and guiding and accountability and organisation. This study contributes to our further understanding of educational leadership in New Zealand ECE services, in particular the practices of leadership.</p>

An enhanced krill herd optimization technique used for classification problem

In this paper, this method is intended to improve the optimization of the classification problem in machine learning. The EKH as a global search optimization method, it allocates the best representation of the solution (krill individual) whereas it uses the simulated annealing (SA) to modify the generated krill individuals (each individual represents a set of bits). The test results showed that the KH outperformed other methods using the external and internal evaluation measures.

Designing "Materials of Writing Analytical Exposition Text (MOWAET)" for Teaching English in Senior High School

Analytical exposition text is one of the texts studied by eleventh-grade students, and they are asked to produce the analytical exposition text by themselves. However, they faced some difficulties that impede their teaching and learning of making the analytical exposition text. This research aimed to design Materials of Writing Analytical Exposition Text (MOWAET) as a supplementary teaching material to support teaching and learning analytical exposition text. This research was developmental research and applied ADDIE as the procedure to design the materials. Still, there were only three implemented phases in this research: analyzing, designing, and developing. MOWAET was the completed design product for teaching-learning analytical exposition text. The researcher interviewed an English teacher of SMA Negeri 4 Pontianak to do the analyzing phase. MOWAET was created by using PowerPoint and Animaker as the supporting software. The researcher used an internal evaluation to ensure that the product is usable in the development phase. The internal evaluation phase showed that MOWAET met all the criteria, including the objectives, the content, and the media option. Shortening, it was found that the materials of writing analytical exposition text (MOWAET) are usable to support teaching and learning analytical exposition text.

Pakistan’s “Industrial 9/11”: Transnational Rights-Based Activism in the Garment Industry and Creating Space for Future Global Struggles

This chapter is based on an internal evaluation of the of the 2012–2019 cooperation between the Pakistani National Trade Union Federation (NTUF), the German humanitarian organisation medico international, and the Berlin-based European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR). Written from a first-person perspective by three members of these organisations, it offers invaluable insights into the internal coordination and strategic deliberations of the partners’ evolving transnational efforts to hold the German retail company KiK and Italian social auditing firm RINA to account on behalf of the survivors and victims’ families of the 2012 Ali Enterprises factory fire. The authors elaborate on the multi-dimensional effects and aftermath of the Ali Enterprises tragedy, and recount the lessons learned from their different perspectives as trade unionists, activists, and lawyers based in both Pakistan and Germany. On this basis, the chapter then maps additional possible avenues for supporting the transnational struggles of workers around the globe. All in all, it offers rich insights into the experiences and complex debates ongoing amongst the authors and their organisations on how to develop common positions and further enhance their mutual understanding in order to collectively imagine and work towards transformative political goals.