Age-Specific Income Trends in Europe: The Role of Employment, Wages, and Social Transfers

This study analyses age-specific differences in income trends in nine European countries. Based on data from National Accounts and the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, we quantify age-specific changes in income between 2008 and 2017 and decompose these changes into employment, wages, and public transfer components. Results show that income of the younger age groups stagnated or declined in most countries since 2008, while income of the older population increased. The decomposition analysis indicates that the main drivers of the diverging trends are higher employment among the older population and a strong increase in public pensions, especially for women.

Some Reflections Regarding the Public Pension and The Number of Pensioners in Romania, in The Period 2010-2021

The current importance of public pensions is given by the fact that this is the main form of support for inactive or unemployed people.Through this article we aim to review, in a brief way, the evolution and particularities of public pension.In particular, we want to analyze the evolution of the number of retirees in the public system, of the average pension but also of the service pensions during the years 2010-2021, in order to identify some directions for improving the public pension system.

Do Public Pensions Improve Mental Wellbeing? Evidence from the New Rural Society Pension Insurance Program

The causal effect of public pensions on the mental wellbeing of the elderly in lower and middle-income countries deserves further investigation. This paper first constructed a theoretical framework for the impact of New Rural Society Pension Insurance pensions in China on the mental wellbeing of the rural elderly, and described potential channels through which pension income may affect mental wellbeing. We then used the fixed effect model and the instrument variable approach to estimate the casual effects of pension income on the mental wellbeing of the rural elderly. The results reveal that pension income improves mental wellbeing by relieving depression of the rural elderly; however, the beneficial effects of pension income are very limited. Pension income has no beneficial effects on the mental health of the rural elderly in the east region, whereas it slightly relieves depression of those in the middle and west regions. We also found that pension income produces small improvements in the mental health of older females, elderly persons living independently, and those with relatively poor economic conditions.