Garvey Must Go

This chapter reinterprets the New Negro era as an intense moment of jockeying for racial leadership among certain black male leaders and black male publishers in Harlem. This chapter argues that when Marcus Garvey arrived in Harlem to build his Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), he stepped into a crucible of New Negro thought, organizing, and publications with competing visions for racial advancement. The UNIA’s businesses and paper, the Negro World, helped make Garvey the premier black leader of his day. But debates about his ideas among many black leaders quickly led to a public war of words between Garvey and critics in which they strove to use their papers to destroy the leadership of the other. Garvey used the Negro World to perform a rhetorical emasculation of critics. Garvey’s critics retaliated with the “Garvey Must Go” campaign. It not only laid bare a contentious battle in print among rival black male leaders, but also the influence the black press now had to elevate and/or destroy black male leadership.

The Emergence of a Black Leader during the Age of Jim Crow and Black Racial Uplift in North Carolina

This chapter focuses on Shepard’s early education and career as a druggist, tax collector, cofounder of the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, and superintendent of the International Sunday School Association. I also emphasize his “radical” approach to race relations in Durham at the turn of the twentieth century. By investigating these topics, I develop a clearer understanding of Shepard’s style of leadership as the eventual president of the North Carolina College for Negroes (NCC).

South Africa's ANC turns inward at the economy's peril

Subject Outlook for South Africa's ruling party. Significance On October 9-12, the ruling ANC will hold its National General Council (NGC), the highest decision-making meeting before the next leadership election conference in 2017. The party is focused on internal issues and political survivability, including fears that it could lose support in key constituencies in the 2016 municipal elections. It displays disinterest in the country's economic woes, despite the risk they pose to the ANC's ability to build on gains made during its first 20 years in power. Impacts If strikes break out in the mining sector, the country could tip into recession and face a credit downgrade. The appointment of a close Zuma ally as head of the main prosecutions unit limits the chances for opening corruption cases against him. The opposition DA's first black leader will help the party attract black voters; however, winning nationally is a long-term ambition.