Courage, commitment and collaboration : notions of leadership in the New Zealand ECE 'Centres of Innovation'

<p>Historically there has been a lack of recognition for, and research into, leadership in the New Zealand early childhood education sector. The Centres of Innovation (COI) programme provides a unique opportunity for research into effective leadership in quality services that can contribute to our knowledge and understanding of leadership in the sector as a whole. This study, exploring how leadership is defined and enacted in the COI, found that although not all educators were comfortable with being identified as leaders, individuals and the centres as a whole were demonstrating leadership in ways that fitted their service contexts. Leadership across the COI was characterised by courage, commitment and collaboration. The innovative approaches of the COI appear to be due in no small part to the collaborative centre cultures in which innovation is encouraged, educators feel valued and supported, and there is regular reflection and a commitment to continuous improvement . Those in leadership positions in the COI have promoted these collaborative cultures and through their example teacher leadership has been encouraged. The COI not only provide case studies of educative leadership (Meade, 2003a) but also case studies of learning communities. These learning communities include researchers and members of the wider community as well as the educators. Leadership as defined and enacted in the COI is a shared endeavour and this model of working collaboratively in a learning community towards a shared vision is one that the rest of the sector can learn from.</p>

Intensification of non-uniformity in convergent near-conical hypersonic flow

The inevitable formation of a Mach disk at the central axis of a convergent conical shock wave may suffer from fundamental changes when the flow deviates from the axisymmetric condition. In this paper, the behaviours of near-conical shocks, which are generated by a circular ring wedge of $10^{\circ }$ at typical angles of attack (AoAs), are investigated at a free stream Mach number of 6 in a shock tunnel. To reveal the characteristics and mechanism of the flow, numerical analyses are carried out under the same conditions. The results indicate that when the flow deviates from axial symmetry, the circumferential non-uniformity is remarkably intensified as the shock converges downstream. The converging centre shifts against the inclination of the incoming flow and moves to the leeward side. For a sufficiently small AoA, the formation of a Mach disk remains similar to that in the axisymmetric case, although the Mach disk shrinks in size and is slightly flattened. As the circumferential non-uniformity of the shock increases at an AoA of approximately $3^{\circ }$ , a pair of kinks separate the shock surface into two discontinuous segments with the stronger shock segment on the windward side and the weaker shock segment on the leeward side. When the AoA increases further, the shrinkage of the Mach disk continuously occurs, and the Mach disk is eventually replaced by a regular reflection. The discontinuity of a convergent shock with flattening on the separated shock segments and the insufficient strength increase during the subsequent convergence are responsible for the appearance of regular reflection.

Courage, commitment and collaboration : notions of leadership in the New Zealand ECE 'Centres of Innovation'

<p>Historically there has been a lack of recognition for, and research into, leadership in the New Zealand early childhood education sector. The Centres of Innovation (COI) programme provides a unique opportunity for research into effective leadership in quality services that can contribute to our knowledge and understanding of leadership in the sector as a whole. This study, exploring how leadership is defined and enacted in the COI, found that although not all educators were comfortable with being identified as leaders, individuals and the centres as a whole were demonstrating leadership in ways that fitted their service contexts. Leadership across the COI was characterised by courage, commitment and collaboration. The innovative approaches of the COI appear to be due in no small part to the collaborative centre cultures in which innovation is encouraged, educators feel valued and supported, and there is regular reflection and a commitment to continuous improvement . Those in leadership positions in the COI have promoted these collaborative cultures and through their example teacher leadership has been encouraged. The COI not only provide case studies of educative leadership (Meade, 2003a) but also case studies of learning communities. These learning communities include researchers and members of the wider community as well as the educators. Leadership as defined and enacted in the COI is a shared endeavour and this model of working collaboratively in a learning community towards a shared vision is one that the rest of the sector can learn from.</p>

Interaction between Shock Waves Travelling in the Same Direction

In this paper, we study the intersection (interaction) between several steady shocks traveling in the same direction. The interaction between overtaking shocks may be regular or irregular. In the case of regular reflection, the intersection of overtaking shocks leads to the formation of a resulting shock, contact discontinuity, and some reflected discontinuities. The type of discontinuity depends on the parameters of incoming shocks. At the irregular reflection, a Mach shock forms between incoming overtaking shocks. Reflected discontinuities come from the points of intersection of the Mach stem with the incoming shocks. We also consider the possible types of shockwave configurations that form both at regular and irregular interactions of several overtaking shocks. The regions of existence of overtaking shock waves with different types of reflected shock and the intensity of reflected shocks are defined. The results obtained in the study can potentially be useful for designing supersonic intakes and advanced jet engines.

Отрицательное маховское отражение с множественными тройными конфигурациями при дифракции ударной волны на клине

Within the framework of the Euler equations, a numerical study of the structure of a self-similar flow for various types of negative Mach reflection during diffraction of a shock wave by a wedge is performed. Along with the known modes of double and triple Mach reflection, a qualitatively new mode of negative Mach reflection with multiple three-shock configurations is observed. Peculiarities of the transition from multiple Mach reflection to regular reflection when changing the wedge angle are noted.

Looking back to Quiddity Between Traditional Chinese Architecture and Ancestor Worship

Ancestor worship was profound in pre-modern China, so how was it originally related to architecture and how was it associated with a notion of quiddity? This essay unravels an integration of triadic notions linking ancestry to architecture and quiddity (essence of being), even though they may be seen as discrete from a modern perspective. Architecture was viewed as an important representation of ancestry and an indicator of the sanctity of ancestors in pre-modern China. The triadic interconnected relationship can first be found in the overlapping meanings of words in ancient Chinese. It is then observed through the composition and implication of miaohao (literally the name of the temple, but in practice, a posthumous title for the emperor) and tanghao (literally, the formal name of the hall). The essay suggests that from regular reflection upon the quiddity between architecture and ancestor worship, the triad formed a mutually interconnected and mutually enhanced relationship. Although seemingly unique to pre-modern Chinese architecture, the ultimate need to periodically reflect upon the quiddity of architecture and the quiddity of family may in fact be a universal pursuit.