A Waste Bank Based on the 3R Concept: Student Interest in Waste Management at the Department of Economics, University of Brawijaya

The establishment of a waste bank could be a social engineering tool for changing the mindset of students. This waste bank can be managed and made useful via the so-called “3R” concept (reduce, reuse, and recycle), which is the main principle used by waste banks. This study aimed to determine students’ interest in managing waste. The sample comprised three classes of students who are enrolled in natural resource economics courses from the Economics and Business Faculty of the University of Brawijaya. Each class has 31 students. Quantitative multivariate research was performed using a Likert scale. Validity and reliability tests were performed for behavioral control and to manage waste variables. Data analysis was used Multivariate analysis, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was used for significance of the data. Results show that the behavioral control variable was positively correlated with and was influenced by the intention to manage waste or the interest in managing waste. We suggested that waste bank systems—in which waste can be exchanged for food or other products—could be applied in campus environments and that a waste bank should be established in the Faculty of Economics and Business of the University of Brawijaya.

Economic Analysis of Irrigation Water under Different Water Use Regimes in Godavari Command Area

A study was undertaken in Karimnagar and Warangal districts falling under the Godavari command area of Telangana to analyze the economics of irrigation among the farm households across surface water (SW), groundwater (GW) and conjunctive use (CU) regimes. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and natural resource economics tools. The farms under CU realized higher net returns per acre (` 11792) followed by GW farms (` 8229) and SW farms (` 7516). There was also an enhanced savings to the extent of ` 10900 per acre due to reduction in the expenditure on human labour, machine labour, marketing and irrigation cost under CU regime when compared to GW regime. The per annum volume of surface water used in the case of SW farms and CU farms was 263 acre inches and 182 acre inches, respectively. Volume of water used in case of CU is less when compared to SW regimes. Annual cost of irrigation water per acre was found to be highest in GW farms (` 6916) when compared to SW (` 1284) and CU (` 4063) farms. This study has shown the potential benefits of CU regime over SW and GW regime.

PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI SUMBER DAYA ALAM DAN LINGKUNGAN ISLAM TERHADAP EKSTERNALITAS KAMPUNG UNGGULAN KERUPUK SURABAYA

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana Eksternalitas Kampung Unggulan Kerupuk Surabaya ditinjau dari perspektif Ekonomi Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan Islam. Kampung Unggulan Kerupuk Surabaya merupakan salah satu industri kerupuk yang berada di dalam kota namun masih menggunakan metode tradisional dalam proses produksinya. Beberapa pengrajin Kampung Unggulan Kerupuk Surabaya sudah memiliki merek dan mendapatkan sertifikat halal MUI. Kampung Unggulan Kerupuk Surabaya sering dikunjungi wisatawan baik dari warga Surabaya, luar Surabaya, maupun wisatawan mancanegara untuk belajar cara memproduksi dan memasarkan kerupuk. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan strategi studi kasus. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini melalui wawancara mendalam dan wawancara langsung dengan subjek penelitian. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan dan hasil observasi langsung dari lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat eksternalitas positif dari keberadaan Kampung Unggulan Kerupuk Surabaya seperti kesempatan kerja, peningkatan pendapatan, dan pendirian fasilitas. Tidak ada eksternalitas negatif seperti pencemaran lingkungan, dan gangguan kesehatan masyarakat. Pengelolaan lingkungan dilakukan dengan baik sesuai dengan prinsip pengelolaan lingkungan dalam Islam.Kata kunci: eksternalitas, pengelolaan lingkungan, ekonomi sumber daya alam, Kampung Unggulan Kerupuk Surabaya ABSTRACTThis study examines how the externalities of Kampung Unggulan Kerupuk Surabaya are viewed from Islamic Economics of Natural Resources and Environment perspectives. Kampung Unggulan Kerupuk Surabaya is a cracker industry located in the city but still using traditional methods in the production process. Some of the Kampung Unggulan Kerupuk Surabaya craftsmen already have a brand and get MUI halal certificate. Kampung Unggulan Kerupuk Surabaya often gets visits from tourists, both from Surabaya residents, outside Surabaya, and foreign tourists to learn how to produce and market crackers. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive method with a strategy of case study. The data collection conducted in this study was by in-depth and direct interviews with research subjects. The analysis technique used in this study was by data reduction, data presentation, and also conclusions and results from direct observation from the research’s location. The results of the study show that there are positive externalities of the existence of Kampung Unggulan Kerupuk Surabaya, such as employment opportunity, increased revenue, and facilities establishment. There are no negative externalities such as environmental pollution, and disruption of society’s health. Environmental management is carried out properly in accordance with the principles of environmental management in Islam.Keywords: externalities, environmental management, natural resource economics, Kampung Unggulan Kerupuk Surabaya

Evaluating sustainable development policies in rural coastal economies

Sustainable development (SD) policies targeting marine economic sectors, designed to alleviate poverty and conserve marine ecosystems, have proliferated in recent years. Many developing countries are providing poor fishing households with new fishing boats (fishing capital) that can be used further offshore as a means to improve incomes and relieve fishing pressure on nearshore fish stocks. These kinds of policies are a marine variant of traditional SD policies focused on agriculture. Here, we evaluate ex ante economic and environmental impacts of provisions of fishing and agricultural capital, with and without enforcement of fishing regulations that prohibit the use of larger vessels in nearshore habitats. Combining methods from development economics, natural resource economics, and marine ecology, we use a unique dataset and modeling framework to account for linkages between households, business sectors, markets, and local fish stocks. We show that the policies investing capital in local marine fisheries or agricultural sectors achieve income gains for targeted households, but knock-on effects lead to increased harvest of nearshore fish, making them unlikely to achieve conservation objectives in rural coastal economies. However, pairing an agriculture stimulus with increasing enforcement of existing fisheries’ regulations may lead to a win–win situation. While marine-based policies could be an important tool to achieve two of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (alleviate poverty and protect vulnerable marine resources), their success is by no means assured and requires consideration of land and marine socioeconomic linkages inherent in rural economies.