SURVEY PEMAHAMAN DAN KETERLIBATAN MAHASISWA DAN DOSEN DALAM PROGRAM KEBIJAKAN MERDEKA BELAJAR KAMPUS MERDEKA DI PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI FKIP UNIVERSITAS PASUNDAN

The objectives of the final report of this research are (1) to determine the understanding of students and lecturers in the Merdeka Learning policy program at the Merdeka Campus at the Economic Education Study Program, FKIP, Pasundan University; (2) to find out the involvement of students and lecturers in the Independent Learning Policy Program at the Independent Campus at the Economics Education Study Program, FKIP, Pasundan University. The implementation method in the research program on the implementation of the Independent Learning Policy-Independent Campus (MBKM) is in the form of a population survey (total sampling) involving students, and lecturers at the Pasundan University economic education study program. The survey results show that in general students understand the independent campus learning policy program in the economic education study program FKIP Pasundan University, this is indicated by the average student answers about each question item in the survey showing a response according to the answer indicators provided. Some of the author's suggestions are input as a form of concern for the study program in implementing the MBKM program so that it can be even better, of course the consistency of all human resources involved is very necessary in optimizing the implementation of this MBKM activity.

Economic literacy among beginning higher education economics students in Japan and Germany and its socio-demographic influencing factors

In view of cross-national student mobility and increasing internationalization of the labor market, a common understanding of economic concepts as well as awareness for country-specific factors influencing economics education is essential. Therefore, the development of instruments that allow for comparable investigation across countries is crucial. The present study describes economic education in Japan and Germany and explores the specific conditions for access to higher education in each country. On this basis, we examine the level of economic literacy (using TEL-IV) at the beginning of higher education among 232 German and 198 Japanese students of Business & Economics and the impact of personal influencing factors thereon. Overall, comparable entry levels can be observed, whereby each student group shows different response patterns. Predicting economic literacy, primarily gender and interest reach significance. A final outlook regarding the significance of cross-national studies is given, taking limitations and implications of this study into account.

Implementation of Contextual Learning Model Efforts to Improve the Quality of Online Learning of Professional English Students

During online learning of professional English courses, economic education students of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Lampung still tend to be passive, so the quality of existing knowledge is considered to be lacking. It is necessary to apply a learning model that can improve the quality of learning. In this study, the model used is the contextual teaching and learning (CTL) model. The contextual teaching and learning (CTL) approach is a learning concept that helps educators where during the learning process they can relate the material being taught to the natural world conditions of students and encourage them to apply it in their lives as family and community members. The research uses classroom action research (CAR) using two cycles. Based on the observations, the level of student participation in cycle two is known to increase the active participation rate of students by 41.94%. While the results of student evaluation scores in cycle two are known to have increased by 38.71%.

Understanding of Accounting and Gender on Financial Literation Levels

This study aims to analyze the effect of understanding accounting and gender on the level of financial literacy of postgraduate students in the economic education program at Surabaya State University. This research uses a quantitative approach. The study showed that the level of financial literacy of postgraduate students of economic education courses at UNESA was 19.7% at the high level, 32.4% at the moderate level, and 47.9% at the low level. The level of financial literacy shows an average of 60.49, and the meaning is moderate. Accounting understanding shows an average of 70.28, and it means that the level of accounting understanding is moderate. The participation rate was 43.7% male and 56.3% female. The level of financial literacy of students in the female gender group was higher than male, female by 62.00 (62.00> 60) which means moderate, and male by 58.55 (58.55 <60) which means low. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that accounting understanding has a significant effect on the level of financial literacy of postgraduate students in economic education programs at UNESA. Meanwhile, gender has no significant effect.

Motivation and Learning Achievement of Economic Education Students, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Palangka Raya During the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic

This research is motivated by the learning motivation of students of the Economic Education Study Program FKIP Palangka Raya University during the COVID-19 pandemic. In compiling lecture assignments, each student has their learning methods and techniques, especially to achieve success in learning achievement. The purpose of this study is to determine the motivation and learning achievement of students of Economics Education FKIP Palangka Raya University during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses a qualitative approach, with a descriptive method. The results of research conducted at the Economic Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Palangka Raya University are about the motivation and learning achievement of Economic Education students, which indicated by the results of interviews that researchers have conducted, namely with the results of the research, most of the students of the Economics Education Study Program have high intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in achieving learning achievement. So, students have a strong willingness in carrying out learning activities. This can be seen from the average Economic Education students who got high Indeks Prestasi Semester or Grade Point Average (GPA) score from last semester, wherein the even semester of 2020/2021 lectures had used the online or online method.

Relationships between Expenditure of Regional Governments and Suicide Mortalities Caused by Six Major Motives in Japan

Suicide mortality in Japan reduced in the period of 2009–2018. A number of studies identified the impact of financial governmental support for social welfare systems on suicide mortality; however, the detailed effects of specific regional policies, designed according to regional cultural, economic, education and welfare situations, on suicide mortality remain to be clarified. Therefore, the present study analyses the associations between the regional governmental expenditure of six major divisions, “public health”, “public works”, “police”, “ambulance/fire services”, “welfare” and “education”, and suicide mortalities caused by six major suicidal motives, related to “family”, “health”, “economy”, “employment”, “romance” and “school”, across the 47 prefectures in Japan during the period of 2009–2018, using fixed-effect analysis of hierarchal linear regression with robust standard error. The expenditure of “public works” displayed a positive relationship with suicide mortality of females caused by family-related motives but was not related to other suicide mortalities, whereas the expenditures in “public health”, “police”, “ambulance/fire services”, “welfare” and “education” contributed to a reduction in suicide mortality, at least in some statistical indicators. The expenditures of both “ambulance/fire” and “education” were predominantly effective among the six major divisions of regional governmental expenditure in reducing suicide mortalities. In the education subdivisions, the expenditure of “kindergarten” was related to a reduction in suicide mortalities caused by a wide spectrum of motives. The amount of expenditure of welfare indicated the limited possibility of facilitating a reduction in suicide mortalities caused by only motives associated with economy or employment. However, in the welfare subdivisions, the expenditure of “child welfare” and “social welfare” was effective in reducing suicide mortalities, but the expenditure of “elderly welfare” was unexpectedly related to an increase in suicide mortalities. These results suggest that most Japanese people are struggling to bring up children even in the situation of an increasing elderly population with a decreasing birth rate. Therefore, it is important to enhance the investment welfare policy for the future to improve the childcare environment. Although the issue of an increasing elderly population and a decreasing birth rate in Japan has not yet improved, the obtained results suggest that evidence-based welfare expenditure redistributions of prefectures and municipalities could improve Japanese society and welfare systems.

Analysing the Impacts of Financial Expenditure of Prefectures on Methods of Suicide Completion in Japan

Recently, several studies reported that the governmental financial expenditures play important roles in the prevention of increasing suicide mortalities; however, the specific regional policies, designed dependent on regional cultural, economic, education and welfare backgrounds, affect suicide mortality by a specific suicidal means. Therefore, the present study determined the impacts of the regional governmental expenditure of six major divisions, “public health”, “public works”, “police”, “ambulance/fire services”, “welfare” and “education” on suicide mortalities by five major suicidal means, “hanging”, “poisoning”, “charcoal burning”, “jumping” and “throwing”, across the 47 prefectures in Japan during 2009–2018 using fixed-effect analysis of hierarchal linear regression with robust standard error. The expenditures of “ambulance/fire services” and “education” indicated the negative relation to suicide mortalities by wide-spectrum suicidal means, whereas expenditures of “public works” did not affect suicide mortalities. In the education subdivisions, expenditure of “kindergarten” and “elementary school” indicated the impacts of reduction of suicide mortalities, whereas the expenditures of “special school” for individuals with disabilities unexpectedly contribute to increasing suicide mortalities by poisoning, charcoal burning and throwing of females. Regarding subdivisions of welfare, expenditure of “child welfare” and “social welfare” contributed to a reduction in suicide mortalities, but expenditure of “elderly welfare” surprisingly contributed to increasing suicide mortalities. Furthermore, expenditures of welfare subdivision abolished the negative impacts of the expenditures of educational subdivisions, kindergarten and elementary school, but the positive impact of expenditure of special school on female suicide mortalities was not affected. These results suggest that most Japanese people are struggling to care for children even in the situation of an increasing elderly population with a decreasing birthrate. Therefore, it is important to enhance the investment welfare policy for the future to improve the childcare environment. The results demonstrated by this study suggest that the scientifically evidence-based redistributions of welfare expenditure in regional government, at least partially, provide improvement of Japanese society and welfare systems, under the continuous severe Japanese social concerns associated with increasing elderly population with a decreasing birthrate.

FORMATION OF SOFT SKILLS OF STUDENTS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION

The article is devoted to the characteristics of the peculiarities of the formation of soft skills of higher education in the educational process of higher education. To achieve this goal, general scientific methods were used: analysis, synthesis, comparison, concretization, generalization, content analysis. The following essential features of soft skills are singled out: coverage of competencies that contribute to the self-realization of future professionals and are individualized in terms of content, target, time and personal dimension; complexity, etc. Emphasis is placed on the need for active formation and intensive development of soft skills in students at the stage of study in higher education institutions. The importance of soft skills formation in the context of criteria for assessing the quality of the educational program and descriptors of the National Qualifications Framework is substantiated. It is emphasized that the formation of soft skills of students in the educational process depends on the policy of free economic education. Positive practice includes the pervasiveness of soft skills formation both within certain educational components (compulsory and optional) and extracurricular activities of higher education institutions. It is stated that the organization of the educational process in higher education institutions does not yet have universal technologies for the formation of soft skills. Teaching methods such as small group work, creative exercises, case method, role and business games, debate, discussion, interactive method, brainstorming, project method, facilitation, training, personal and professional portfolio creation, independent research, heuristic method – should be used in the educational process of modern universities for the formation and development of soft skills. Possibilities of non-formal education for self-development of soft skills are analyzed. Keywords: soft skills; educational process; teaching methods; learning technologies; personal development; educational program; professional training; non-formal education; self-development.