A Review of economic analysis of climate change impacts and adaptation in fisheries and aquaculture

Focusing on economic methods, this study provides a comprehensive review of the current research in fisheries and aquaculture within the context of climate change. We find there has been remarkable progress in evaluating the biophysical impacts of climate change on fish. However, the effect those impacts have on future fish stocks, yields, and dynamics are less understood. Climate change adaptation strategies in fisheries and aquaculture lack quantitative assessment, while current vulnerability indices rely heavily on subjective weighting schemes. Economic studies involving fisheries and aquaculture have seen some recent advancements but can be improved through incorporating methods from other disciplines, notably agricultural economics. Relative to its increasingly large role in global fish supply, the aquaculture sector is found to be under-represented in the economic literature. We suggest that future research in fisheries and aquaculture should further incorporate methods from agricultural economics, focus on the economics of aquaculture, and refine interdisciplinary research methods such as bioeconomic modelling.

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research Editorial Policy Update: Pre-registration of submissions based on primary data

As of January 2022, the Agricultural Economics Section of the Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research encourages authors using primary data on their submissions to pre-register their analysis. This article explains the reasons that have led the Editorial Board to include this requirement.

Analysis of the Early Entrepreneurship Rate and the generation of jobs

The article analyzes the Early Entrepreneurship Rate (TEA) and the generation of jobs. The results show in the first instance that undertaking in the province of Tungurahua is very complicated. The EAP of the province is 313,018 between men and women; of these, a quarter are employed in more than 42,500 companies, which is why there has been growth in new companies at the provincial level. Finally, the equation is applied where the constant is employment and established companies and these explain the TEA; therefore, the p value of the variables is less than the significance level, that is, the alternative hypothesis is verified, being that the Early Entrepreneurship Rate (TEA) does generate jobs. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, TEA, Employment, Entrepreneurship rate, employment indicators. References [1]A. Kritiko, «Emprendedores y su impacto en el empleo y el crecimiento económico,» DIW Berlin, University of Potsdam, and IZA, Germany, 2019. [2]J. Amorós and N. Bosma, «Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2013 Global Report,» GEM, 2018. [3]A. Zoltan, «How Is Entrepreneurship Good for Economic Growth?,» 2016. [4]A. Van Stel, «Análisis empírico del espíritu empresarial y el crecimiento económico,» Libro, 2016. [5]D. Ricardo, «Emprender en la nueva era,» Emprendedores LATAM, 2017. [6]J. Ugoani, «Desarrollo Del Emprendimiento Y Generación De Empleo En Nigeria: Un Estudio De La Dirección Nacional De Empleo,» Independent Journal of Management & Production, 2015. [7]E. Bassey, «Impacto del desarrollo empresarial en la creación de empleo en el estado de Cross River: un caso de la Dirección Nacional de Empleo,» International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences,2018. [8]A. Waidi, «Evaluación del desarrollo de habilidades empresariales en la estrategia de generación de empleo en instituciones terciarias en el estado de Lagos,» Economic Insights – Trends and Challenges, Febrero 2021. [9]T. Trang, «Emprendimiento, autoempleo y creación de empleo en Vietnam,» Agricultural Economics and Management-Master's Programme, 2019. [10]M. Hoppe, «The Entrepreneurship Concept: A Short Introduction,» School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University, vol. VI, 2016. [11]G. Gintare and G. Lukas, «Investigación de identificación del concepto de emprendimiento: el aspecto teórico,» International Journal of Economics and Financial, Mayo 2016. [12]M. Kruger, «Entrepreneurship Theory And Creativity,» University of Pretoria etd, 2014. [13]Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, «Marco Conceptual del GEM,» Informe 2017 GEM, 2017. [14]OIT, «Empleo,» México Cómo Vamos, 2015.

The use of crowdfunding and its impact on entrepreneurship in the city of Ambato - Ecuador

Crowdfunding and its impact on entrepreneurship in the city of Ambato are studied, according to several authors the variables are associated quite well when undertaking an idea and seeking financing. Within this process, the advantages and disadvantages of using crowdfunding are highlighted, as well as the process to undertake and finance projects. The results express that there is still the wrong thinking that financing is a limitation to undertake and they do not look for options in the market that can satisfy their needs. The results to entrepreneurs show that there is ignorance about crowdfunding but there is a real interest in learning about the subject and using it; also that the first financing option is banking. Finally, through the chi square the hypothesis is verified, accepting that crowdfunding does impact the enterprises of the city of Ambato. Keywords: Crowdfunding, Entrepreneurship, Investments, Financing, Economic performance. References [1]R. Abdurrahman, M. Erna amd M. Anang, «Digital Marketing and SMEs: A Systematic Mapping Study,» Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), 2 Agosto 2021. [2]Ley Orgániza de Emprendimiento e Innovación, 2020. [3]Crowdfunding ORG, «Crowdfunding una nueva forma de recaudar dinero para los proyectos,» 2020. [4]M. García and J. Saiz, «Concepto de emprendimiento, teorías y nuevos enfoques. Crowdfunding y nuevas formas de financiamiento,» Handbook of Science and Technology, 2017. [5]P. Moina, L. Morales and A. Córdoba, «El crowdfunding un nuevo mecanismo de impulsar la economía en el Ecuador,» Revista de Ciencias de la Administración y Economía, 2020. [6]A. Briones, «Concepto de Crowdfunding,» IEPS, p. 22, 2019. [7]E. Flores, «Diseño de un Centro para Emprendedores en una Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería aplicando el Modelo Lean Canvas,» Perú, http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-50062019000600151, 2019. [8]A. Kritiko, «Emprendedores y su impacto en el empleo y el crecimiento económico,» DIW Berlin, University of Potsdam, and IZA, Germany, 2019. [9]J. Gallestegui, «Franquicias regionales,» Emprender Revista, México, 2006. [10]E. Tenori, «Jóvenes emprendedores,» IEPS, p. 14, 2017. [11]A. Marin, «Procesos de analisis de emprendimientos y negocios,» USFQ, pp. 35-63, 2017. [12]D. Ricardo, «Emprender en la nueva era,» Emprendedores LATAM, 2017. [13]T. Trang, «Emprendimiento, autoempleo y creación de empleo en Vietnam,» Agricultural Economics and Management-Master's Programme, 2019. [14]A. Villamar, G. Zambrano and A. Regalado, «Medios digitales en el posicionamiento de marca,» Espíritu Emprendedor TES, p. 1, 2019. [15]L. Jiménez and S. Acosta, «El crowdfunding como alternativa para el emprendedor del siglo XXI,» 2019.

SOME EXPERIENCE OF AN GIANG PROVINCE IN THE PROCESS OF IMPLEMENTING INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL AREAS IN THE PERIOD 2010-2020

Industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas play especial importance to agricultural development, building new rural areas, and improving farmers’ lives. Vietnam has a starting point from the backward agricultural economics, wants to build a modern developed economy. So, it is necessary to carry out industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas. This article focuses on researching the actual situation of implementing industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in An Giang province, Vietnam, period 2010-2020. Then, learning some lessons from experience in the process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the localities, contributing to supplementing documents, theoretical and practical bases for this process in the next period. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0976/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Statistical Parables

In the early 1960s, the agricultural economist Theodore W. Schultz issued a critical assessment of the prevailing tenets of development economics in Transforming Traditional Agriculture. Aimed at educated bureaucrats rather than academic economists, he proposed no new development theories. Instead, he drew inferences from statistics in case studies to argue that no special economic theory was required in the development space. He packaged these studies as statistical parables to provoke skepticism of development theory among those involved in direct technical assistance in developing countries. Drawing partly on their long experience with US and Soviet agricultural modernization, Schultz and members of his agricultural economics group at the University of Chicago used suggestive empirical evidence to stress the importance of investment in human capital in economic growth. By appealing to government administrators in both the United States and developing countries, Schultz helped shift development policies toward state-supported technical assistance, public education, and market-oriented policies for the agricultural sectors in the global South.