The Socioeconomic Integration of People in Need of International Protection: A Spatial Approach in the Case of Greece

This paper explores the impact of dispersal policy of asylum seekers in Greece under the accommodation scheme running in the country. Combining an analysis of secondary data and the findings of field research through semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in migration governance, the authors seek to identify whether there are differences in the integration prospects between the residents of the camps, which are mostly outside cities or in rural areas, and the beneficiaries of urban autonomous living. The contribution of this paper lies in that it brings into the spotlight the spatial criterion for the evaluation of integration both under the lens of rural–urban placement as well as under the lens of collective-autonomous living. To this end, it follows the integration policies and practices implemented at national and local levels and compares the access granted to people in need of international protection and their outcomes. The findings are in accordance with the literature supporting that the positive impact of urban autonomous living in socioeconomic integration usually prevails the residence in rural collective housing. However, it points out the importance of local actors in the success of integration efforts.

Greek Gastarbeiter in Germany and European Expatriates from Greece: Diaspora Interactions between Immigrants and Neo-Immigrants

Between 1953 and 1973, emigration depleted the Modern Greek state by roughly one fifth of its total population. A significant number of those migrants relocated to Germany, which since 1960, has been home to a sizeable community of former Gastarbeiter (guest-workers) and their descendants. Following three decades of European Integration and relative prosperity, the 2009 Greek sovereign debt crisis initiated a new wave of Greek emigration, analogous, yet different to that of the post-war era. Germany remains an attractive destination for Greek expatriates, but in contrast to guest-workers from the 1960s, "neo-migrants" are typically skilled or highly-skilled persons who relocate individually. This paper examines the qualitative attributes of Greek expatriates and "neo-migrants" in Germany and compares them to those of former guest-workers; furthermore, this paper compares the narratives of Gastarbeiter to those of European expatriates. Finally, the perceptions of Greek expatriates for the established Greek community in Germany are looked into, as well as the individual and collective efforts of the Greek community and institutions to help and ease their socioeconomic integration. Keywords: Gastarbeiter, neo-migrants, expatriates, Germany, Greece

Second Units: Means Of Socio-Economic Integration Of New Immigrants In Mississauga

This study explores the role of second units in the socio-economic integration of new immigrants living in the City of Mississauga, Ontario. Mississauga despite being a popular immigrant destination faces serious lack of affordable, social housing, and housing subsidies like many other Canadian cities. New immigrants generally face multiple barriers to access adequate and affordable housing here and often use illegal second units to fulfill their housing needs. The Province, owing to its inability to provide affordable, social, and increasing housing needs, is in the process of legalizing second units through Bill 140. espite their importance in immigrants' settlement process, there is virtually no research on this form of housing in the Canadian context. This study will fill this gap in the current literature. Moreover, it provides suggestions for the municipal government and civil society organizations to further alleviate barriers to the socioeconomic integration of new immigrants living in these units.

Second Units: Means Of Socio-Economic Integration Of New Immigrants In Mississauga

This study explores the role of second units in the socio-economic integration of new immigrants living in the City of Mississauga, Ontario. Mississauga despite being a popular immigrant destination faces serious lack of affordable, social housing, and housing subsidies like many other Canadian cities. New immigrants generally face multiple barriers to access adequate and affordable housing here and often use illegal second units to fulfill their housing needs. The Province, owing to its inability to provide affordable, social, and increasing housing needs, is in the process of legalizing second units through Bill 140. espite their importance in immigrants' settlement process, there is virtually no research on this form of housing in the Canadian context. This study will fill this gap in the current literature. Moreover, it provides suggestions for the municipal government and civil society organizations to further alleviate barriers to the socioeconomic integration of new immigrants living in these units.

Assessing Canada’s support of international students: a comprehensive review of Canada’s retention and settlement of its “Model Immigrants”

The unprecedented growth in the number of international students in Canada over the last decade has drawn the attention of policy makers at all levels of government in Canada. The federal, provincial and territorial levels of government have introduced permanent residency pathways to encourage international students to become permanent residents of Canada. International students are an attractive group as prospective immigrants because of their Canadian education and human capital. However, they experience variety of challenges transitioning to employment and permanent residency in Canada. Lack of limited co-operative education opportunities and labor market preparation hinders the process of finding employment while the absence of settlement services and the complexities of immigration policies complicate the process of seeking permanent residency in Canada. These realities hold significant policy implications for the federal and provincial levels of government because Canada continues to admit educated and skilled labor in order to address labor and demographic needs. Key words: socioeconomic integration, human capital, internationalization, transitional barriers, recruitment and retention

Assessing Canada’s support of international students: a comprehensive review of Canada’s retention and settlement of its “Model Immigrants”

The unprecedented growth in the number of international students in Canada over the last decade has drawn the attention of policy makers at all levels of government in Canada. The federal, provincial and territorial levels of government have introduced permanent residency pathways to encourage international students to become permanent residents of Canada. International students are an attractive group as prospective immigrants because of their Canadian education and human capital. However, they experience variety of challenges transitioning to employment and permanent residency in Canada. Lack of limited co-operative education opportunities and labor market preparation hinders the process of finding employment while the absence of settlement services and the complexities of immigration policies complicate the process of seeking permanent residency in Canada. These realities hold significant policy implications for the federal and provincial levels of government because Canada continues to admit educated and skilled labor in order to address labor and demographic needs. Key words: socioeconomic integration, human capital, internationalization, transitional barriers, recruitment and retention

Socioeconomic Status, Race, and Public Support for School Integration

Polling data routinely indicate broad support for the concept of diverse schools, but integration initiatives—both racial and socioeconomic—regularly encounter significant opposition. We leverage a nationally representative survey experiment to provide novel evidence on public support for integration initiatives. Specifically, we present respondents with a hypothetical referendum where we provide information on two policy options for assigning students to schools: (1) a residence-based assignment option and (2) an option designed to achieve stated racial/ethnic or socioeconomic diversity targets, with respondents randomly assigned to the racial/ethnic or socioeconomic diversity option. After calculating public support and average willingness-to-pay, our results demonstrate a clear plurality of the public preferring residence-based assignment to the racial diversity initiative, but a near-even split in support for residence-based assignment and the socioeconomic integration initiative. Moreover, we find that the decline in support for race-based integration, relative to the socioeconomic diversity initiative, is entirely attributable to White and Republican respondents.