Influence of washing on textile material thermal properties under exposure of an open flame and heating ele-ment heat flow

Elevated temperatures are factors causing harm to human health and life. To ensure protection, various personal protective equipment is used, which includes special protective clothing. The article discusses the heat-shielding indicators of the safety of textile material. In order to determine the heat-shielding properties of the material, various types of exposure are used – convective heat from a heating element and an open flame. Fabrics of various raw materials and surface density are used for sewing special protective clothing. Five clothes were selected for the research. The research was held under the exposure of an open flame and convective heat of heating element with a comparable heat flux density equal to 80 kW/m². Also, research was held under influence of multiple wash cycles on radiant heat transfer index and heat transfer index.

Smoke on the Water: Comparative Assessment of Combined Thermal Shock Treatments for Control of Invasive Asian Clam, Corbicula fluminea

Suppression of established populations of invasive alien species can be a complex and expensive process, which is frequently unsuccessful. The Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774), is considered a high impact invader that can adversely alter freshwater ecosystems and decrease their socioeconomic value. To date, C. fluminea continues to spread and persist within freshwater environments worldwide, despite repeated management attempts to prevent dispersal and suppress established populations. As extensive C. fluminea beds can often become exposed during low-water conditions, the direct application of hot or cold thermal shock treatments has been proposed as suitable mechanism for their control. Further, mechanical substrate disturbance may enhance the efficacy of thermal shock treatments by facilitating exposures to multiple layers of buried clams. In the present study, we advanced these methods by assessing combined applications of both hot and cold thermal shock treatments for control of C. fluminea, using steam spray (≥100 °C; 350 kPa), low- or high-intensity open-flame burns (~1000 °C) and dry ice (−78 °C). In a direct comparison of raking combined with hot thermal shock applications, both steam and high-intensity open-flame treatments tended to be most effective, especially following multiple applications. In addition, when hot thermal treatments are followed by a final cold shock (i.e. dry ice), steam treatments tended to be most effective. Further, when dry ice was applied either alone or prior to an application of a hot shock treatment, substantial if not complete C. fluminea mortality was observed. Overall, this study demonstrated that combined applications of hot and cold thermal shock treatments, applied following the disruption of the substrate, can substantially increase C. fluminea mortality compared to separate hot or cold treatments.

A COMPARISON OF TWO MEAT PRESERVATION METHODS

Meat samples from open flame and block Ovens were compared with a view to improving on the traditional method of meat preservation in Nigeria. Mean pH values obtained for the meat products from the ovens were 6.81 and 6.83 for the open name oven and the block oven, respectively. Moisture loss during smoking in the open flame oven was 72.9% while that of the block oven was 69.9%. Results indicated that meat products from the block were of higher acceptability in terms of colour and texture attributes. For the taste attribute of the samples, there was a higher preference for meat products from the open oven.

Highly filled, non-toxic of material with increased strength and fire resistance

Presents the results of research and testing of a newly developed composite material, the unique properties of which make it possible to use it, both as a special fire-resistant coating for habitable objects and in construction (door blocks, liners for effective thermal insulation). The heterogeneous structure of the cured composite does not contain toxic components, and when exposed to an open flame, it is even more hardened as a result of reflow and does not emit harmful chemical compounds. The developed material was obtained using dispersion and mechanical activation by mixing individual components with subsequent stage curing at normal and elevated temperatures., using sodium soda glass as a binder. Unique properties are provided by the presence in the recipe composition of mainly silicon-containing components — a mixture of dispersed fillers, including discrete glass fibers with a length of 4...7 mm, using liquid sodium glass as a binder.