DETECTION OF Giardia intestinals IN HUMAN ,CALVES AND WATER SUPPLIES BY TRADITIONAL AND MOLECULAR METHODS AT BAGHDAD CITY,IRAQ

The current study was conducted during the period from July 2018 to April 2019. One hundred and forty samples from different regions of Baghdad city, Iraq, were collected from 50 calves, 40 children, and 50 water supplies for diagnosis of Giardia intestinalis. The prevalence of Giardia intestinalis in calves, children, and water by microscopic examination by using sucrose flotation, 30%, 27.5%, and 16% respectively. Twelve positive PCR products were sequenced and deposited in the Genebank database for the first time in Iraq, phylogenic analysis demonstrated that 5 sequences belong to G.intestinalis for human(MN244831, MH925331, MN244829, MN244828, MN244830), 3 sequences for calves (MN244827, MH 925332, MN244826 ), while 4 sequences for water supplies (MH886413, MN244912, MN244910, MN244911).

Temporal detection and phylogenetic assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in municipal wastewater

ABSTRACTSARS-CoV-2 has recently been detected in feces, which indicates that wastewater may be used to monitor viral prevalence in the community. Here we use RT-qPCR to monitor wastewater for SARS-CoV-2 RNA over a 52-day time course. We show that changes in SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations correlate with local COVID-19 epidemiological data (R2=0.9), though detection in wastewater trails symptom onset dates by 5-8 days. We determine a near complete (98.5%) SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence from the wastewater and use phylogenic analysis to infer viral ancestry. Collectively, this work demonstrates how wastewater can be used as a proxy to monitor viral prevalence in the community and how genome sequencing can be used for high-resolution genotyping of the predominant strains circulating in a community.