Intrahousehold Responses to Imbalanced Human Capital Subsidies: Evidence from the Philippine Conditional Cash Transfer Program

This paper looks at investments in children’s health and education among participants of the Philippine conditional cash transfer program. It suggests reforms to incentivize more balanced investments in all the children of each family.

Place-Based Policies and Spatial Disparities across European Cities

Spatial disparities in income levels and worklessness in the European Union are profound, persistent and may be widening. We describe disparities across metropolitan regions and discuss theories and empirical evidence that help us understand what causes these disparities. Increases in the productivity benefits of cities, the clustering of highly educated workers and increases in their wage premium all play a role. Europe has a long-standing tradition of using capital subsidies, enterprise zones, transport investments and other place-based policies to address these disparities. The evidence suggests these policies may have partially offset increasing disparities but are not sufficient to fully offset the economic forces at work.

DEVELOPMENT POLE AND GROWTH POINTS OF INNOVATIVE ECONOMY: KAZAKHSTAN AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

The article discusses the innovative development of the poles, as well as monitoring a comprehensive assessment of the innovative activities of the regions. This study indicates that increased innovation activity provides economic growth. "Growth points", which should be understood as a company, "the effect of enthusiasm, form the "development zone" in the region or country. From single-valued and high-time to the basics of unpolished theory, the theory of polar poles (PRT) is derived. By the middle of the great part, in regional economy the theory of the polar poles – this concept, the theoretic object of the duality of the divergence of the differentiation of the duality of the duality of the duality in the market of products In keeping with this concept, the mid-region is characterized by the propagating (dynamically divisive, diverging) propulsion. It stimulates the dilatation of the dilapidated territory, in the opposite direction, in accordance with the instructions of the addictive, addictive and obsessive persons, presiding over the polar pole of the border, with a higher concentration in the subordinate area of the recital zone. Rather central mogwt how razvïvatsya stïxïyno, so, and celenapravlenno way optïmalnogo razmeşçenïya sootvetstvwyuşçïx Enterprise and blagoprïyatnıx create wslovïy Their xozyaystvennoy Activities pomoşçyu razlïçnıx ïstoçnïkov fïnansïrovanïya (of State vlojenïy, çastnogo capital, subsidies, nalogovıx lax and others.). Once you have developed in the region, you will have a far more complex development of the whole process, as you would expect, under the mechanisms of market economy.

Wyniki produkcyjne i ekonomiczne gospodarstw ogrodniczych

The aim of the study is to evaluate the results of management of production resources in farms oriented for horticultural production against the background of the results of all farms that were covered by FADN agricultural accounting for 2013-2015. Production and economic results like productivity and profitability of land, labor and capital were analyzed. The results of the surveyed farms show a much higher level of production efficiency of horticultural holdings, especially the productivity of land resources, but also of capital. Farms specializing in horticulture achieved economic results several times better than that of total holdings, therefore they outperformed them more economically than by production, especially in the management of land resources as well as capital. Subsidies to horticultural holdings do not have a significant impact on the level of income earned by these holdings.