Project Based Learning: from school to university

Необходимым условием существования инновационной экономики является модернизация системы образования как основы социального развития общества. Чтобы развить личностные качества обучающихся, актуальные для решения перспективных задач реального сектора экономики, нужно использовать в образовательной практике технологии, направленные на формирование навыков XXI века. В последние годы большое внимание уделяется развитию метода проектного обучения. Необходимо проанализировать природу данного метода и его основных компонентов, чтобы определить целесообразные способы их применения для школьной и вузовской практики. Целью исследования является анализ особенностей применения проектного обучения на различных этапах образовательной системы. Актуальность данного исследования связана с ростом трансформационных процессов в образовании, направленных на усиление его практикоориентированности. Гипотеза исследования опирается на положение, что увеличение доли проектных технологий при их целенаправленном педагогическом сопровождении в системе образования будет способствовать развитию профессиональных и личностных качеств будущих специалистов, делая их более конкурентоспособными и востребованными на рынке труда. Основное предназначение метода проектов состоит в предоставлении студентам возможности самостоятельного приобретения знаний и умений в процессе решения разноуровневых профессиональных задач. A necessary condition for the existence of an innovative economy is the modernization of the education system as the basis for the social development of society. In order to develop the personal qualities of students that are relevant for solving promising problems in the real sector of the economy, it is necessary to use technologies in educational practice aimed at developing skills of the 21st century. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the development of the project-based teaching method. It is necessary to analyze the nature of this method and its main components in order to determine the appropriate ways of their application for school and university practice. The aim of the study is to analyze the features of the application of project-based learning at various stages of the educational system. The relevance of this study is associated with the growth of transformational processes in education, aimed at strengthening its practice orientation. The research hypothesis is based on the position that an increase in the share of design technologies with their purposeful pedagogical support in the education system will contribute to the development of professional and personal qualities of future specialists, making them more competitive and in demand in the labor market. The main purpose of the project method is to provide students with the opportunity to independently acquire knowledge and skills in the process of solving professional problems of different levels.

On the Issue of the Reproduction of Scientific Personnel

One of the priority issues in the development of the country’s scientific and technological sphere is reproduction and increasing the role of human capital in an innovative economy. The difficulties of becoming a scientist in current Russian conditions are discussed. The special role of the family in the start of a scientific career and the decline in institutional support from the state are emphasized. Internal and external factors that hinder the process of reproduction of research personnel are considered. One of such key factors is the general decline in the authority and prestige of science in the country, which affects the motivational component of young people when choosing the profession of a scientist. It is shown that the creation of optimal conditions - both material support and maintenance of the environment and the preservation of the values of intellectual labor, as well as the presence of development prospects in the profession for young people are important components of the process of reproduction of scientific personnel.

Towards Specific of Definition for Concept of a “Digital Competencies”

The article describes the specifics of the concept of digital competencies in the context of the development of an innovative economy. A brief comparison of the concepts of digital literacy, media literacy and digital competencies is carried out, their general and specific features are indicated. The main applications of digital competencies, both economic and socio-cultural, are indicated. An example of a comprehensive program for the development of digital competencies within the European Union is presented, as well as the place androle of the concept of “digital competencies” in programs for long-term socio-economic and educational development of Russia.

FORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AND BUSINESS MODELS

International competitiveness is an integrative concept that unites the whole range of key issues related to the sustainable growth of national welfare and living standards.The aim of the work is to determine the essence of modern understanding of economic competitiveness, features and factors influencing it both externally - from the world economy and internal, directions of competitiveness theory, as well as to develop an author's concept of assessing competitive business advantages of developing economy. natural resources, and determining the most effective strategy to increase the level of competitiveness of the economy and business.The article systematizes historical and modern theoretical approaches to the analysis of competitiveness at the macro level and the existing applied methods of calculating international competitiveness. The priority models of the European concept of innovative business development are considered in detail: business model №1 - creation of investment institutions that stimulate the subjects of international financial, scientific and industrial activities to innovate; business model №2 - creating a favorable environment for an innovative economy; business model №3 - development of humanitarian capital and formation of a general innovation culture in society.It is proved that competitiveness is a complex concept that is determined by many factors, the most acceptable way to assess the level of competitiveness is to use multidimensional or composite indicators of competitiveness.

Digitization As the Main Trend of Innovative Transformation of the Economy

The work is devoted to the direction of digitalization in the innovative economy, the financial aspect. The sixth technological order, the trend "Resources, energy and ecology", commercialization and digitalization of innovations, the finiteness of resources are considered. The issues of the "green" economy, the prerequisites for its creation, the practice of state regulation, the concept of "4R" use of resources, renewable energy sources, distributed energy are consecrated. The article considers electric power storage devices that synchronize the processes of energy production and consumption. The analysis of the increase in carbon-free energy is made. The prospects of the Russian Federation in the "green" sector of the economy, the forecast for the "Strategy for the long-term development of the Russian Federation with low greenhouse gas emissions until 2050", shows the importance of implementing the principles of environmental, social and corporate governance, responsible investment. The tendency of the unification of states on the basis of the "green" economy is shown. The conclusion is made about the action program with practical application.

Hightech industries for an innovative economy: Expert opinions

The most important aspect of the transition to the knowledge society is the interaction of science and industry. The article considers the triple helix theory as a basis for managing the innovative economy. The interaction of science and business can provide Russia with larger incomes, especially provided the state participation in the countrys innovative economic development. The authors analyze official documents regulating the cooperation of universities, research institutions and innovative enterprises, and the features of financing this cooperation. The article is based on the databases of the monitoring research of the Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS Continuous education and knowledge- intensive industries: Institutions and practices of interaction which was conducted with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation. On the basis of 100 expert interviews conducted in 2017- 2019 in 12 regions of the Russian federal districts with key figures of innovation processes (chief engineers, leading designers, rectors, ministers, heads of development institutions, venture funds, technoparks and special economic zones), the authors describe the practices of interaction of scienceintensive companies with other participants of the innovative economy. In the framework of the triple helix theory, the authors consider the interaction of knowledge-intensive enterprises with higher educational institutions, the main challenges these enterprises face, investment legislation and risks of investment in scientific research. The authors argue that the state policy in this field needs a network of subjects that would ensure a dialogue between the state, science, business and education at different stages of creating and promoting innovative products. The authors also consider some issues of the development of innovation infrastructure, and possibilities of using the experience of other countries.

THE UPDATED STRUCTURE OF THE INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL OF THE REGION

The article analyzes the main problems hin-dering Russia's transition to an innovative economy. The fundamental indicators of in-novative development are highlighted, the main of which is the innovative potential of the region. The analysis of the existing struc-tures of the innovative potential of the region is carried out by considering each structural component identified by various domestic authors over the past twenty years. The need to create an updated structure of the innovative potential of the region is due to the high variability of the theoretical base of the object under study, which has a negative impact on the development of methods for its assessment. Based on current global economic and innovative trends, an updated structure has been finalized, which includes strategically necessary components that fully reflect the versatility and multicomponence of this indicator.

On Ensuring the Quality of Life in the Innovative Economy of St. Petersburg from the Strategic Perspective

Aim. The presented study aims to analyze quality-of-life estimates obtained for St. Petersburg using a theoretical and methodological approach developed based on the concept of the qualitydriven economy.Tasks. The authors consider the concept of the quality of life in the context of the Strategy of socio-economic development of St. Petersburg until 2035; measure and analyze quality-of-life indicators based on the concept of the quality-driven economy.Methods. A major part of this study is based on the methodology of the general scientific philosophical approach and uses such methods of interdisciplinary research as modeling, system analysis, and others. The quality of life is measured on the theoretical and methodological basis of the quality-driven economy using the methodology developed at the Institute of Problems of Regional Economics (IPRE) of the Russian Academy of Sciences.Results. Ensuring a high quality of life for the population of the region is a priority goal of the functioning and development of the economy of St. Petersburg. To this end, it is crucial to use strategic opportunities for economic growth and regional development in achieving the social well-being of the region’s population. Different views on the understanding of the quality of life as the main strategic priority of the innovative development of St. Petersburg are analyzed, and quality-of-life estimates are obtained for St. Petersburg, the Northwestern Federal District (NWFD), and the Russian Federation as a whole. The role of St. Petersburg in enhancing the competitiveness of the economy of the Northwestern Federal District and Russia in the context of innovative development is shown.Conclusions. Quality of life is an integral part of the strategic planning system in the innovative economy of St. Petersburg. The quality-driven economy provides a reliable theoretical and methodological basis for making allowance for the quality of life at the highest levels of regional government. The analysis based on the results of calculations shows a correlation between the system of quality indicators of the methodology for measuring the quality of life to increase regional management efficiency developed at the IPRE RAS and several indicators of the strategic planning system of socioeconomic development in St. Petersburg. Thus, the application of quality-driven economy principles in the innovative economy of St. Petersburg makes it possible not only to set the initial conditions for achieving the necessary quality of life, but also to develop a mechanism that would ensure the achievement of this goal in the future.

IMPROVING MANAGEMENT METHODS OF THE INNOVATION SYSTEM

Актуальность предложенной темы исследования обусловлена решением проблемы достижения экономического роста в России, тесно связанной с ускоренным развитием инновационной сферы. Предстоящий период развития страны будет сделан на применении принципиально новых прогрессивных технологий, построенных на принципах безотходности, материало- и энергосбережения; выпуске продукции, обладающей новыми потребительскими свойствами; современных методах выработки и реализации организационно-управленческих решений; новейших формах организации инновационной деятельности и т.д. В современных условиях интенсивность инновационной деятельности компаний во многом отражается на уровне экономического развития, а построение инновационной экономики является одним из эффективных путей повышения конкурентоспособности страны. Проблема построения эффективной системы управления инновационной деятельностью обусловлена сложностью управления процессом генерации, отбора инновационных идей, а также процессом внедрения инноваций через традиционную управленческую структуру со всеми трудностями, присущими управлению изменениями. Новизна исследования состоит в создании системы управления инновационной деятельностью в организациях, способствующей разработки и внедрению современных технологий, имеет важное научное и практическое значение для современной российской экономики. The relevance of the proposed research topic is due to the solution of the problem of achieving economic growth in Russia, which is closely related to the accelerated development of the innovation sphere. The upcoming period of the country's development will be based on the use of fundamentally new progressive technologies based on the principles of wastelessness, material and energy conservation; release of products with new consumer properties; modern methods of development and implementation of organizational and managerial decisions; the latest forms of organizing innovation activities, etc. In modern conditions, the intensity of companies' innovative activities is largely reflected in the level of economic development, and building an innovative economy is one of the most effective ways to increase the country's competitiveness. The problem of building an effective system for managing innovative activities is due to the complexity of managing the generation process, selecting innovative ideas, as well as the process of introducing innovations through a traditional management structure with all the difficulties inherent in managing change. The novelty of the research lies in the creation of a system for managing innovative activities in organizations that facilitates the development and implementation of modern technologies; it is of great scientific and practical importance for the modern Russian economy.