Kontribusi Community Supported Agriculture untuk Gerakan Agraria di Indonesia: Pelajaran dari Jerman

Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) is a model of cooperation between food producers and consumers in carrying out agriculture that has emerged in Global North’s countries. The establishment of CSA is related to the desire of a few people striving for a more equitable food system than the global and industrial food system which marginalizes the welfare of farmers. Building on the ethnographic study of the CSA Garten Coop in Freiburg, Germany, and comparing it with studies of CSA in other countries, this paper tries to explore the possibilities of how CSA can offer farmers an alternative agricultural model for the sustainability of their farm and its contribution to agrarian movement, especially in Indonesia. The results show that CSA provides this alternative through rearranging the food system with a more democratic, autonomous, and equal management of production resources, income certainty for farmers through consumer commitment and by the solidarity economy, and independence through the principles of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, CSA indirectly contributes to the agrarian movement by providing the possibility for farmers to maintain their farming business, along with their land tenure or ownership, as well as a forum for organizing farmers and consumers to raise awareness of the food system. Keywords: Agrarian Movement, Community Supported Agriculture, Solidarity Economy, Producer-Consumer Partnership. Intisari: Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) merupakan model kerjasama produsen dan konsumen pangan dalam menyelenggarakan pertanian yang banyak muncul di negara-negara Global Utara. Pendiriannya tak lepas dari keinginan segelintir orang mengupayakan sebuah sistem pangan yang lebih adil dari sistem pangan global dan industrial yang meminggirkan kesejahteraan petani. Dengan menggunakan studi etnografi pada komunitas CSA Garten Coop di Freiburg, Jerman dan membandingkan dengan studi-studi atas CSA di sejumlah negara lainnya, artikel ini disusun untuk menelusuri kemungkinan tentang bagaimana CSA dapat menawarkan model pertanian alternatif bagi petani untuk keberlanjutan usaha taninya dan kontribusinya terhadap gerakan agraria, terutama di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CSA memberikan alternatif ini lewat pengaturan ulang sistem pangan dengan manajemen sumber daya produksi yang lebih demokratis, otonom, dan setara, kepastian pendapatan bagi petani lewat komitmen konsumen dan ekonomi solidaritas, serta independensi melalui prinsip pertanian berkelanjutan. Oleh karena itu, CSA secara tidak langsung berkontribusi dalam gerakan agraria dengan memberikan kemungkinan bagi petani untuk mempertahankan usaha taninya, berikut penguasaan atau kepemilikan lahannya, sekaligus wadah pengorganisasian petani dan konsumen untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran akan sistem pangan. Kata Kunci: Community Supported Agriculture, Ekonomi Solidaritas, Gerakan Agraria, Kerjasama Produsen-Konsumen.

Evolution of magnetic properties during tempering

Quality control in heat treatment of steel is often conducted after the treatment. Failure to confine within the specified range of mechanical properties may lead to wasted energy and production resources. Performing quality control in-line in the heat treatment process allows for early detection and possibility to react to changes in the process. The prospects of utilizing the change in the electromagnetic (EM) properties of steel, as means for quality control, are investigated in this paper. The focus is on the tempering process of hardened SS2244 (42CrMoS4) steel. The tempering takes the hardness of the steel from approximately 600 HV down to around 400 HV. The EM signature of the steel is recorded during the tempering process. This is later compared with results from more traditional means of material characterization, such as laser scanning microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and Vickers microhardness measurement. This initial study shows clear indications of precise detection of the hardness through EM properties during the tempering process of selected material.

Time as a key resource for the effective operation of the Russian agro-industrial complex in digital transformation context

The article discusses the features of the activities of enterprises of the Russian agro-industrial complex in digital transformation context. The main types of resources used by them for effective work are highlighted and the task is to study time as an intangible asset that can be used to increase the efficiency of activities. This category is considered from the standpoint of classical science, its definition is given and the main properties are highlighted. The necessity of studying time as a resource and its use in the work of enterprises as a factor in the growth of profitability has been substantiated. The analysis of classical and modern systems of organizing the work of enterprises, including their tools. Based on the analysis, it has been established that during the period of digital transformation of the economy and the agro-industrial complex, little attention is paid to time as a resource, and the rational use of resources needs to be improved. For this reason, the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex is considered as the main vector of the development of the complex. The main directions of its transition from the traditional form to new methods of work, its elements, ways of reducing errors and increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in this sector of the economy are shown. The main advantages of such a development are presented. In the course of further analysis, it was found that the time factor in the agro-industrial complex during the period of digital transformation plays a key role. Time has been proven to be both a factor and a resource. It is concluded that the competent use of all types of production resources in time allows to obtain a synergistic effect.

Using drone technology for preserving the economic sustainability of the agricultural holdings

In the present era, precision agriculture, through the set of innovative technologies that it uses, allows to effectively manage the terrain, machinery, and input acquisition, considering the specific natural variation of the environmental conditions. One of such innovations is the unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) technology which has gained popularity and has been widely used in adopting efficient strategies for preserving the economic sustainability of the agricultural holdings. The need for an efficient management, the complex climatic, technological, economic, and biological changes that have recently occurred at the level of agro-systems impose a continuous and accurate knowledge of the growing production resources and the vegetation state in cultures. In this context, the article investigates a series of particularities regarding the use of geospatial and informational technology in the process of taking, storing, analysing, and interpreting them to optimize inputs, considering the state of the crops and the degree of soil supply in each relatively homogeneous area of the terrain..

Fir Reproduction Technology for Harvesting Coniferous Boughs

The article considers the use of innovative technologies in logging industry. Manufacture of products “for health” can turn into a substantial profit if one approaches the business competently and chooses a low-competitive niche. Nowadays, there are still types of industries where competition is minimal, despite high consumer demand. These include the industrial production of fir needle oil, which is popular with consumers. It is famous for its healing properties and is used in treating colds, intestinal issues, joints, and nervous disorders; in the manufacture of cosmetics and medicines (ointments and creams). However, there are a number of issues related to the organization of the fir needle oil production, which are the basis of legislation in this area. This applies to the harvesting of raw materials. The share of fir stands in the composition of forests is constantly decreasing. In the European part of Russia, it became necessary to find a way to ensure a regular supply of fir needle oil enterprises with the necessary raw materials. The article proposes a new technology for the artificial reproduction of fir plantations for the purpose of their further use in the production of fir needle oil. A periodic cycle, which allows producing fir needle oil wherever a fir plantation is laid out, is recommended. The design of the device has also been developed. It helps to reduce the planting time, the loads on people when forming the planting spot and thereby increase labor productivity. The article materials can serve as a guide for the efficient use of production resources (people and machinery) for those who lease land for fir growing for oil production. For citation: Tsarev E.М., Rukomojnikov K.P., Anisimov S.E., Tatarinov D.S. Fir Reproduction Technology for Harvesting Coniferous Boughs. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 79–88. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-79-88

Design of Customized Intelligent Manufacturing Information Interaction System Based on Virtual Technology

With the continuous development of information technology, system intelligence is leading the next round of “industrial revolution”, especially the intelligent manufacturing industry has become the core of improving industrial productivity. Intelligent manufacturing involves each link in the manufacturing industry, which is the most critical part of intelligent manufacturing is intelligent production, through intelligent manufacturing related technology to optimize the production mode of manufacturing to promote the production state more flexible and integrated. Intelligent manufacturing is based on computer simulation technology and information and communication technology, optimize the production design of the factory and simplify the production process of the factory, the purpose is to reduce the waste of resources and improve the reasonable allocation of production resources.

The Optimum Allocation For Irrigation Water of Agricultural Crops in Iraq During The Average Period (2017-2020) Using Linear Programming Method

The research aims to study the optimal allocation of irrigation water that is used to irrigate various agricultural crops at the level of Iraq. In order to achieve the research aim, two economic models were formulated according to the Simplex Algorithm. The two models included forty agricultural crops, which were restricted by twenty specific production resources. The estimated results indicated that there is a surplus of the water resource for both the actual crop composition plan and the proposed basic plans for the two estimated models amounting to about 30.943, 35.357 and 31.097 billion cubic meters for each plan, respectively, compared to the quantities of water available for agricultural use. The results of the analysis of the two estimated models indicated to prefer the results of plans with legislative restrictions due to the expansion of the area of strategic and important crops for local consumption, with less needs of water.

MILLENNIALS IN THE CREATION OF SOCIAL VALUE OF THE ENTERPRISE

The article emphasizes the creative activity that underlies the concept of "social value", which forms in the course of solving actual social problems. Social responsibility is mainly determined by reducing the negative impact of business on the basis of support and development of innovative projects. An analytical comparison of the categories of "social value" and "social responsibility" with the Sustainable Development Goals revealed a greater correspondence of the concept of "social value" to the sustainable development strategy. A statistical study of data from European countries allowed to draw a conclusion about the increase in social value in consumption, recycling of production resources, the use of renewable energy sources, and the growth of preferences for the development of own business. Based on the conducted research, the article highlights the exceptional role of millennials in updating the issues of social focus of business.