French Translations in the Ukrainian Literary Polysystem (The Executed Renaissance)

This contribution is within the framework of the polysystem theory of I. Even-Zohar, who, starting in translation studies, raised lively reflections on the role of translated literature within the literature of national culture. Literature, according to the researcher, is an open and dynamic polysystem composed of the centre and the periphery, the evolution of which is due to the continuous rivalry between the innovative and conservative tendencies of the polysystem. The contribution of the translations to the literary polysystem of a culture depends on their position in the polysystem of the target culture. Translations, being central in the literary polysystem, serve as sources of innovation as translators are freer to introduce foreign elements and techniques to the target literature. On the contrary, if the subsystem of the translated literature lies in the periphery of the polysystem, translators have to limit themselves to the models existing in the target culture, thus helping to maintain conservative tendencies. Our contribution is therefore an attempt to apply the theory of I. Even-Zohar to the study of French translations in the Ukrainian literary polysystem of the 1920ies-30ies. We have tried to shed light on the position of translated French literature in the Ukrainian literary polysystem as well as its contribution to the development of the reception system by analyzing the translation activity of the neo-classics representatives. Thus, we have identified three types of relationships between systems and subsystems characterizing the polysystemic approach: the centre versus the periphery (transitions from French); innovative systems versus conservative systems (the emergence of new literary genres in the centre of the field such as sonnets and heroic comedies; in addition the Symbolist and the Impressionist movements replaced the Soviet realism); canonical systems versus non-canonical systems (the introduction to the system of versification of forms and motifs which were different from those of Soviet literature).

Phase Transition in Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MONDian) Self-Gravitating Systems

We study the statistical mechanics of binary systems under the gravitational interaction of the Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) in three-dimensional space. Considering the binary systems in the microcanonical and canonical ensembles, we show that in the microcanonical systems, unlike the Newtonian gravity, there is a sharp phase transition, with a high-temperature homogeneous phase and a low-temperature clumped binary one. Defining an order parameter in the canonical systems, we find a smoother phase transition and identify the corresponding critical temperature in terms of the physical parameters of the binary system.

Involvement of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Stress: State of the Art and Research Perspectives

: Along with other canonical systems, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has shown essential roles in stress. This system is a complex regulatory proteolytic cascade composed of various enzymes, peptides, and receptors. Besides the classical (ACE/Ang II/AT 1 receptor) and the counter-regulatory (ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor) RAS axes, evidence indicates that non-classical components, including Ang III, Ang IV, AT 2, and AT 4, can also be involved in stress. Objective and methods: This comprehensive review summarizes the current knowledge on the participation of RAS components in different adverse environmental stimuli stressors, including air-jet stress, cage switch stress, restraint stress, chronic unpredictable stress, neonatal isolation stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Results and conclusion: In general, activating the classical RAS axis potentiates stress-related cardiovascular, endocrine, and behavioral responses, while the stimulation of the counter-regulatory axis attenuates these effects. Pharmacological modulation in both axes is optimistic, offering promising perspectives for stress-related disorders treatment. In this regard, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are potential candidates already available because they block the classical axis, activate the counter-regulatory axis, and are safe and efficient drugs.